Data - DLI

A

Products for surveys starting with the letter A
Title Acronym Survey number
Aboriginal Children's Survey: Synthetic FileFootnote* ACS 5108
Absence from Work Survey - PUMF AWS 3805
Access and Support to Education and Training Survey - PUMF ASETS 5151
Adult Correctional Services ACS 3306
Adult Education and Training Survey - PUMF AETS 3879
Annual Retail Store Survey ARSS 2446
Annual Survey of Manufactures and Logging Industries ASML 2103

B

Products for surveys starting with the letter B
Title Acronym Survey number
Business Integrated Database BID Note: not applicable

C

Products for surveys starting with the letter C
Title Acronym Survey number
Canada’s Core Public Infrastructure Survey – Tables CCPI 5173
Canada Health Survey - PUMF CHS 3217
Canada's Alcohol and Other Drugs Survey - PUMF CADS 4408
Canada's Demographic Estimates - Tables CDE 3601
Canadian Business Patterns CBP 1105
Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey, Cycle 1-PUMF CCHAS 5339
Canadian COVID-19 Antibody and Health Survey, Cycle 2-PUMF CCHAS 5339
Canadian Community Health Survey - PUMF CCHS 3226
Canadian Community Health Survey - Tables CCHS 3226
Canadian Farm Financial Database CFFD 3447
Canadian Financial Capability Survey - PUMF CFCS 5159
Canadian Health Measures Survey: Reference materialsFootnote* CHMS 5071
Canadian Health Measures Survey, Cycle 1 Oral Health-PUMF CHMS 5071
Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth-PUMF CHSCY 5233
Add Canadian Housing Survey-PUMF CHS 5269
Canadian Housing Survey Note: not applicable 5269
Canadian Income Survey - PUMF CIS 5200
Canadian Internet Use Survey - PUMF CIUS 4432
Canadian Survey of Experiences with Primary Health Care - PUMF CSE-PHC 5138
Canadian Survey on Early learning and Child Care-PUMF CSELCC 5371
Canadian Tobacco and Nicotine Survey-PUMF CTNS 5305
Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey - PUMF CTUMS 4440
Canadian Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey - PUMF CTADS 4440
Canadian Travel Survey CTS 3810
Canadian Legal Problem Survey-PUMF CLPS 5337
Canadian Perspectives Survey, Series 1 Impacts of COVID-19-PUMF CPSS 5311
Canadian Perspectives Survey, Series 2 Monitoring the Effects of COVID-19-PUMF CPSS 5311
Canadian Perspectives Survey, Series 3 Resuming Economic and Social Activities During COVID-19-PUMF CPSS 5311
Canadian Perspectives Survey, Series 4 Information Sources Consulted During the Pandemic-PUMF CPSS 5311
Canadian Perspectives Survey, Series 5 Technology Use and Cyber security During the Pandemic-PUMF CPSS 5311
Canadian Perspectives Survey, Series 6 Substance Use and Stigma During the Pandemic-PUMF CPSS 5311
Community College Student Information System CCSIS 3122
Census of Agriculture - Tables AGR 3438
Census of Population - PUMF Censuspop 3901
Census of Population - Tables Censuspop 3901
Changes in Employment Survey - PUMF CIES 4423
Compensation Sector Survey - PUMF CSS 4449
Concentration ratios in the manufacturing industries and Herfindahl indexes CRHI Note: not applicable
Corrections Key Indicator Report for Adults and Young Offenders - Tables CKIR 3313
Cultural Labour Force Survey CLFS Note: not applicable
Corporations Returns Act CRA 2503

D

Products for surveys starting with the letter D
Title Acronym Survey number
Dangerous Goods Accident Information System DGAIS 7503

E

Products for surveys starting with the letter E
Title Acronym Survey number
Elementary-Secondary Education Survey - Tables ESES 5102
Employment Dynamics Note: not applicable 2946
Employment Insurance Coverage Survey - PUMF EICS 4428
Ethnic Diversity Survey - PUMF EDS 4508

F

Products for surveys starting with the letter F
Title Acronym Survey number
Financial Information of Universities and Colleges Survey - Tables FIUC 3121
Financial Performance Indicators for Canadian Business FPICB 2510
Financial Statistics of Community Colleges and Vocational Schools - Tables FINCOL 3146
Fleet Report - Inventory of Commercial Aircraft in Canada FLEET Note: not applicable
Food Expenditure Survey - PUMF FOODEX 3503

G

Products for surveys starting with the letter G
Title Acronym Survey number
General Social Survey - PUMF GSS
Geography Products GEO Note: not applicable

H

Products for surveys starting with the letter H
Title Acronym Survey number
Health Indicators Database HI Note: not applicable
Health Promotion SurveyFootnote* HPS 3828
Homeowner Repair And Renovation Survey - PUMF HRRS 3886
Homicide Survey - Tables HS 3315
Households and the Environment Survey - PUMF HES 3881

I

Products for surveys starting with the letter I
Title Acronym Survey number
Impact of COVID-19 on Canadians-PUMF ICC 5323
Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian’s Experiences of Discrimination-PUMF ICC-ED 5323
Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian’s Mental Health-PUMF ICC-MH 5323
Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian’s Trust in Others-PUMF ICC-TO 5323
Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian’s Living With Long-Term Conditions and Disabilities-PUMF ICC-LLCD 5323
Impact of COVID-19 on Canadians Parenting During the Pandemic-PUMF ICC-PDP 5323
Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian’s Perception of Safety-PUMF ICC-PS 5323
Income Trends in Canada ITC 3889
Indigenous Peoples Survey - Tables IPS 3250
Indigenous Peoples Survey - PUMF IPS 3250
Industrial MonitorFootnote* IM Note: not applicable
Information and Communications Technologies In Schools Survey - Tables ICTSS 5051
Input - Output Tables Note: not applicable 1401
Integrated Criminal Court Survey - Tables ICCS 3312
International Travel Survey - PUMF ITS 3152
International Youth Survey - PUMF IYS 5117
Interwar Labour Database ILD Note: not applicable

J

Products for surveys starting with the letter J
Title Acronym Survey number
Joint Canada/United States Survey of Health – PUMF JCUSH 5020

K - No products for surveys starting with the letter K

L

Products for surveys starting with the letter L
Title Acronym Survey number
Labour Force Survey - PUMF LFS 3701
Legal Aid Survey - Tables LAS 3308

M

Products for surveys starting with the letter M
Title Acronym Survey number
Mental Health and Access to Care Survey-PUMF MHACS 5015

N

Products for surveys starting with the letter N
Title Acronym Survey number
National Electronic Media Use Survey - PUMF NEMUS 4424
National Graduates Survey - PUMF NGS 5012
National Household Survey - PUMF NHS 5178
National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth - PUMF NLSCY 4450
National Population Health Survey - PUMF NPHS 3236
National Private Vehicle Use Survey - PUMF NPVUS 4407
National Survey of Information Technology Occupations - Tables NSITO 2939
National Travel Survey NTS 5232
New Brunswick Wage Rate Survey - Tables NBWRS 2920

O

Products for surveys starting with the letter O
Title Acronym Survey number
Occupational Surveillance in Canada – Tables OSC 3233
Ontario Adult Literacy Survey - PUMF OALS 4433
Ontario Material Deprivation Survey - PUMF OMDS 5161

P

Products for surveys starting with the letter P
Title Acronym Survey number
Participation and Activity Limitation Survey - PUMF PALS 3251
Police Administration Survey - Tables PAS 3301
Population Projections for Canada Provinces and Territories with Detailed Electronic Tables Note: not applicable 3602
Profile of Persons with Disabilities - Tables PPD 3251
Profile of Visible Minorities - Tables PVM 4508
Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies – PUMF PIAAC 4406
Provincial Economic Accounts - Tables PEA 1901
Public Service Employee Survey - PUMF PSES 4438

Q - No products for surveys starting with the letter Q

R

Products for surveys starting with the letter R
Title Acronym Survey number
Residential Telephone Service Survey - PUMF RTSS 4426

S

Products for surveys starting with the letter S
Title Acronym Survey number
School Leavers Survey - PUMF SLS 3156
Small Area Retail Trade Estimates - Tables SARTRE 2409
Small Area and Administrative Data - Tables SAAD 4105
Small Business Profiles - Tables SBP 5028
Small and Medium Sized Enterprises in Canada - Tables SME 5157
Sub Provincial Employment Dynamics - Tables SPED 8013
Sun Exposure Survey - PUMF SES 4419
Survey of Approaches to Educational Planning - PUMF SAEP 4442
Survey of Consumer Finances - PUMF SCF 3502
Survey of Earned Doctorates - Tables SED 3126
Survey of Employment, Payrolls and Hours - Tables SEPH 2612
Survey of Family Expenditures - PUMF FAMEX 3504
Survey of Financial Security - PUMF SFS 2620
Survey of Household Energy Use - PUMF SHEU 4403
Survey of Household Spending - PUMF SHS 3508
Survey of Innovation - Tables SOI 4218
Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics - PUMF SLID 3889
Survey of Literacy Skills Used in Daily Activities - PUMF LSUDA 3874
Survey of Older Workers - PUMF SOW 5158
Survey of Self Employment - PUMF SSE 3850
Survey on Before and After School Care in Canada-PUMF SBASCC 5345
Survey on Earlier Learning and Child Care Arrangements-PUMF SELCCA 5287
Survey on Health Care Workers’ Experiences During the Pandemic-PUMF SHCWEP 5362
Survey on Financing of Co-operatives - Tables SFCO 5150
Survey on the Importance of Nature to Canadians - PUMF SINC 3808
Survey on the Vitality of Official-Language Minorities - PUMF SVOLM 5099

T

Products for surveys starting with the letter T
Title Acronym Survey number
Transition Home Survey - Tables THS 3328
Travel Activities and Motivation Survey - PUMF TAMS 4439
Travel Survey of Residents of Canada - PUMF TSRC 3810
Tuition and Living Accommodation Costs - Tables TLAC 3123

U

Products for surveys starting with the letter U
Title Acronym Survey number
Uniform Crime Reporting Survey - Tables UCR 3302
University and College Academic Staff System - Tables UCASS 3101

V

Products for surveys starting with the letter V
Title Acronym Survey number
Victim Services Survey - Tables VSS 5035
Violence Against Women Survey - PUMF VAWS 3896
Visitor Travel Survey-PUMF VTS 5261

W

Products for surveys starting with the letter W
Title Acronym Survey number
Workplace and Employee Survey: Synthetic FilesFootnote* WES 2615

X - No products for surveys starting with the letter X

Y

Products for surveys starting with the letter Y
Title Acronym Survey number
Youth Court Survey - Tables YCS 3309
Youth Custody and Community Services - Tables YCCS 3323
Youth Smoking Survey - PUMF YSS 4401
Youth in Transition Survey: Synthetic FilesFootnote* YITS 4435

Z - No products for surveys starting with the letter Z

Footnotes

Footnote *

Please consult the list of participating institutions and their contacts. If your institution is already a member, please contact the person listed to gain access to products available through the DLI.

Return to the firstfootnote* referrer

Monthly Railway Carloadings Survey (MRCS)

For Information only

This is an electronic survey example for information purposes only. This is not a working questionnaire.

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey collects data from common carrier railways operating in Canada which are essential for the analysis of the Railway Transport Industry and the assessment of its contribution to the Canadian economy. These data provide input into the Canadian System of National Accounts for the calculation of the gross domestic product and are used by various government departments to develop policy and to monitor the industry.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations.

Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Canadian Centre for Transportation and Tourism Statistics
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esdhelpdesk-dsebureaudedepannage.statcan@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into a data-sharing agreement under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Transport Canada for the sharing of information collected in this survey.

Railway carriers which are not federally regulated may object to sharing their information by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician and returning it with the completed questionnaire. Transport Canada has agreed to keep the data, from the non-federally regulated railway carriers, confidential and use them only for statistical and research purposes.

Federally-regulated railway carriers under the authority of the Canadian Transportation Act (CTA) and pursuant to the Carriers and Transportation and Grain Handling Undertakings Information Regulations do not have the right to object to sharing their information with Transport Canada. Transport Canada will use the information obtained from federally-regulated carriers in accordance with the provisions of the CTA and related Regulations.

Business or organization and contact information

  1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

    Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

    • Legal name
    • Operating name (if applicable)
  2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

    Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

    • First name
    • Last name
    • Title
    • Preferred language of communication
    • Mailing address (number and street)
    • City
    • Province, territory or state
    • Postal code or ZIP code
    • Country
    • Email address
    • Telephone number (including area code)
    • Extension number (if applicable)
      The maximum number of characters is 10.
    • Fax number (including area code)
  3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.
    • Operational
    • Not currently operational (e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership)
  4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

    Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

Description and examples

Short-haul freight rail transportation

This Canadian industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in operating railways for the transport of goods on a rail line that does not comprise a rail network. A short-haul railway line usually takes goods from one or more points to a point on the larger transportation network, which is usually a mainline railway, but may be a trans-shipment point onto another transportation mode.

Examples:

  • belt line railways
  • containerized transportation, short-haul railway
  • logging railways
  • railway transportation, freight, short-haul

Exclusions:

operating switching and terminal railways (See 488210-Support activities for rail transportation)

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity

Reporting instructions

(a) Report revenue freight only. Do not report on company service (O.C.S.) shipments.

(b) Part I is to be used to report cars and metric tonnes for non-intermodal traffic loaded.

(c) Part II is to be used to report total cars and metric tonnes received from other rail carriers.

(d) Part III is to be used to report number of units, TEUs and metric tonnes for total intermodal traffic loaded.

(e) Part IV is to be used to report number of units, TEUs and metric tonnes for intermodal traffic received from U.S. carriers.

(f) Weight should be reported in metric tonnes.

Select the railway loading types to report for the reference period

Select all that apply.

  • Part I - Non-intermodal loadings by commodity
  • Part II – Freight received from other rail carriers i.e., Canadian and U.S.
  • Part III – Intermodal freight loaded and forward
  • Part IV - Intermodal freight received from U.S. connections

Part I - Non-intermodal railway loadings by commodity

Select all that apply.

  • Agriculture and food products i.e., Commodity 1 to 13
  • Raw minerals i.e., Commodity 14 to 25
  • Hydrocarbons i.e., Commodity 26 to 31
  • Basic chemicals and chemicals i.e., Commodity 32 to 38
  • Forest and paper products i.e., Commodity 39 to 45
  • Cement and transformed metals i.e., Commodity 46 to 52
  • Manufactured products i.e., Commodity 53 to 58
  • Scrap and waste i.e., Commodity 59 to 60
  • Other freight i.e., Commodity 61 to 64

Part I - Loadings, non-intermodal traffic by commodity

For each of the following commodities, please indicate the number of freight cars and weight of revenue freight loaded (metric tonnes).

Agriculture & food products

  1. Wheat
  2. Other cereal grains (e.g. corn, rye, barley, oats, rice, millet and buckwheat)
  3. Fresh, chilled or dried vegetables
  4. Fresh, chilled or dried fruit and nuts
  5. Colza seeds (canola)
  6. Other oil seeds and nuts and other agricultural products (e.g.. soya beans)
  7. Animal feed, cereal straw, eggs and other animal products
  8. Meat, fish, seafood, and preparations
  9. Milled grain products and preparations, and bakery products
  10. Animal or vegetable fats, oils and flours
  11. Sugar (raw or refined, in solid or liquid form as well as molasses, maple syrup)
  12. Prepared foodstuffs (e.g. dairy prod., food preparations, fruit juices, etc.)
  13. Beverages (e.g. alcoholic and non-alcoholic)

Total for Agriculture and food products loadings

Raw minerals

  1. Sand, gravel, stones and crushed stone
  2. Salt (table salt & other salts including rock, brine and pure sodium chloride)
  3. Phosphate rock
  4. Sulphur
  5. Gypsum (incl. anhydrite)
  6. Other non-metallic minerals (e.g. clay, asbestos)
  7. Iron ores and concentrates
  8. Copper ores and concentrates
  9. Nickel ores and concentrates
  10. Lead ores and concentrates
  11. Zinc ores and concentrates
  12. Other metallic ores and concentrates ( e.g. aluminium ore, bauxite, titanium, other...)

Total for Raw material loadings

Hydrocarbons

  1. Coal (e.g. non agglomerated bituminous, anthracite, ignite and agglomerated coal)
  2. Gasoline and aviation turbine fuel
  3. Fuel oils and crude petroleum (incl. bituminous mineral oil and tar sands)
  4. Gaseous hydrocarbons (including liquid propane gas)
  5. Coal coke and petroleum coke
  6. Other refined petroleum and coal products

Total for Hydrocarbons loadings

Basic chemicals & chemicals

  1. Sulphuric acid
  2. Alumina (e.g. artificial corundum, aluminium oxide & hydroxide)
  3. Other basic chemicals
  4. Potash (potassium chloride)
  5. Fertilizers and fertilizer materials (excluding potash)
  6. Other chemical products and preparations
  7. Plastic and rubber (in primary, semi-finished or finished form)

Total for Basic chemicals and chemicals loadings

Forest and paper products

  1. Logs and other wood in the rough
  2. Wood chips
  3. Lumber
  4. Other wood products (e.g. plywood, veneer, etc.)
  5. Wood pulp
  6. Newsprint (in large rolls or sheets)
  7. Paper and paperboard (except printed products)

Total for Forest and Paper products loadings

Cement (hydraulic cements) and Transformed metals

  1. Cement
  2. Products made of non metallic minerals (e.g. mortar, concrete, ceramics, glass)
  3. Iron and steel - primary or semi-finished
  4. Copper - primary or semi-finished
  5. Aluminium - primary or semi-finished
  6. Other non-ferrous metal - primary or semi-finished
  7. Articles of base metal

Total for Cement and Transformed metals loadings

Manufactured products

  1. Machinery (e.g. engines, tools, household, agricultural or industrial mechanical products)
  2. Automobiles and mini-vans
  3. Freight motor vehicles
  4. Other vehicles
  5. Parts and accessories for motor vehicles
  6. Other transportation equipment

Total for Manufactured products loadings

Waste

  1. Metallic waste and scrap
  2. Non-metallic waste and scrap (e.g. paper, paperboard, fibre, glass, plastics, liquids)

Total for Scrap and Waste loadings

Other

  1. Other manufactured miscellaneous goods
  2. Pool car traffic of freight forwarders and shipper associations
  3. Mixed loads or unidentified freight
  4. Less-than-carload shipments (do not provide cars)

Total for Other freight loadings

Total for Part I - Non-Intermodal loadings (add lines 1 to 64)

Part II - Traffic received from other rail carriers

Please indicate the number of rail cars and weight (metric tonnes) for the following items.

  1. Traffic received from United States connections
  2. Traffic received from Canadian connections

Total for Part II – freight received from other rail carriers (Canadian and U.S.) (add lines 66 and 67)

Part III - Total intermodal freight loaded

Please indicate the number of units, TEUs (twenty foot equivalent units), and weight (metric tonnes) for the following items.

  1. Containers on flat cars (COFC); all plans
  2. Trailers on flat cars (TOFC); all plans

Total for Part III - Intermodal freight loaded (add lines 68 and 69)

Part IV - Intermodal traffic received

Please indicate the number of units, TEUs (twenty foot equivalent units), and weight (metric tonnes) for the following items.

  1. COFC included in traffic received from United States connections
  2. TOFC included in traffic received from United States connections

Total for Part IV – Intermodal freight received from U.S. connections (add lines 71 and 72)

Grand Total for Weight loadings reported from Part I to IV

Changes or events

Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other - specify the other changes or events:
  • No changes or events

Contact person

Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information. Is Provided Given Names, Provided Family Name the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
    The maximum number of characters is 5.
  • Fax number (including area code)

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours
  • Minutes

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Data Stewardship: An introduction to data standards and metadata

Catalogue number: 892000062021006

Release date: May 3, 2021 Updated: November 5, 2021

Whether you're gathering new data or using existing data, applying data standards will make your life easier. And documenting your data in metadata will ensure that others will be able to find it, understand it, and use it.

In this video, you'll learn what we can do to data itself, to make it easier to work with. That's the role of data standards. And you'll learn what extra information we can provide to make data easier to use. That's the role of metadata.

Data journey step
Foundation
Data competency
  • Data analysis
  • Data interpretation
  • Data management and organization
  • Data stewardship
  • Metadata creation and use
Audience
Basic
Suggested prerequisites
N/A
Length
13:14
Cost
Free

Watch the video

Data Stewardship: An introduction to data standards and metadata - Transcript

Data Stewardship: An introduction to data standards and metadata - Transcript

(The Statistics Canada symbol and Canada wordmark appear on screen with the title: "Data Stewardship: An introduction to data standards and metadata")

Data Stewardship: An introduction to data standards and metadata

Whether you're gathering new data or using existing data, applying data standards will make your life easier, and documenting your data in metadata will ensure that others will be able to find it, understand it, and use it.

Learning goals

In this video, you'll learn what we can do to data itself to make it easier to work with. That's the role of data standards. And you'll learn what extra information we can provide to make data easier to use. That's the role of metadata.

Steps of a data journey

(Text on screen: Supported by a foundation of stewardship, metadata, standards and quality)

(Diagram of the Steps of the data journey: Step 1 - define, find, gather; Step 2 - explore, clean, describe; Step 3 - analyze, model; Step 4 - tell the story. The data journey is supported by a foundation of stewardship, metadata, standards and quality.)

This diagram is a visual representation of the data journey from collecting the data to exploring, cleaning, describing and understanding the data to analyzing the data, and lastly to communicating with others the story the data tell. Data standards and metadata support the entire data journey.

Data standards

Data standards can be applied to data to make it easier to work with. One example of a data standard is using common terminology to describe data. Such as saying that the data is in a data set or that the data has categorical variables or numeric variables. Another example is using familiar ways to represent common things, such as for dates, addresses, and temperature. Making data recognizable by keeping it in a database or using a common file format is another example of following a data standard. In a nutshell, data standards are the rules used to standardize the way data are described, represented and structured.

Metadata

Metadata is information provided with data to make it easier to use. An example of metadata is information about the source of the data. Where did it come from? Who made it? What's it for? When was it created? That sort of thing. Another example of metadata is information about what has already been done to the data, how was it cleaned, how was it processed? How were things calculated? Metadata can also include a description of the quality of the data. For example, what's missing? How is it validated? If data standards were followed in the creation and processing of the data, a description of them can be included in the metadata as well. In a nutshell, metadata is data that provides information about other data, making it easier to find, interpret, trust, and use.

Data standards and metadata

(Diagram of the life cycle of data symbolised as a road starting at the data producer where it is for further analysis at each juction, as long as rule behind data standards and metadata are followed. If data standards and metadata are used, the data life cycle is endless.)

We gather and manipulate data because we want it to reveal something. Usually we don't gather, manipulate and interpret data all in one step. Rather, data moves along like the analogy of the data journey. But the data journey can be even longer than that. The endpoint for one data journey could be the starting point for another. Your job might be to create a data table for your boss. And, your boss might put that together with other tables to create a dashboard. And, their boss might look at the dashboard and recommended decision and so on. The data just keeps moving like a bicycle. But what keeps it moving? Somebody has to pedal. And in the case of data, somebody has to be able to find it, understand it and do their own manipulations on it to keep it rolling forward. That's where data standards come in. Just like the standard way of pedaling a bike is 2 feet on the pedals and rotate in a clockwise direction, there are standards for using data. And just like there's product information sheet describing the features of a bicycle, there's metadata to explain what's in the data and how it works. As long as data standards are followed and metadata is kept up-to-date, the data can keep rolling along. But as soon as the data standards are not followed and there's no metadata, it's the end of the road for the data journey. Nobody understands it or can use it anymore.

Why data standards and metadata are important

But why do we need to use data standards and metadata? The importance of these two things can be remembered using the acronym FAIR. Data standards and metadata make data findable or easily searchable. They make data accessible or easy to use. They make data interoperable, which simply means easy to combine with other data. And they make it easy to use, share and reuse the data.

Types of data standards

There are different types of data standards. We'll just mention a few of them here. Data format standards are a standardized way to represent things such as dates, negative numbers, currency, and in Canada, we have two letter codes for province names. Data file format standards ensure that files are easy to share and open. Comma separated variable or CSV format is a good one because files can be opened by a variety of different software packages. Variable standards are a way to standardize the categories and structures for variables that can only take on certain values, such as employment status, age groups, industry and occupation, and products. We'll see more about these on the next slide.

Standard classifications

A classification is a way to group the categories of a standardized variable in a meaningful and consistent way. Let's take age groups for example. If one researcher uses age categories that span 4 years, and another researcher uses age categories that span 10 years, it would be hard to compare the results. However, if everyone agrees that age categories should span 5 years and we all abide by that, we call this a classification. The groupings in the classification should be, among other things, exhaustive and mutually exclusive. Before you make your own groupings, it's a good practice to check first if there's a standard classification for you to use. There are many on Statistics. Canada's website.

Types of metadata

There are different types of metadata, but we'll just talk about a few of them here. Reference metadata gives information about the source of the data, such as who collected it. When? And for what purpose? Reference metadata also includes a description of the methods used to process or analyze the data, and an assessment of the data quality. This could be in paragraph format. Descriptive metadata is things like titles, footnotes and labels. These could appear directly on the tables, graphs, and other data visualizations. Structural metadata is where one would find a list of what variables and classifications are in the data. What identifiers there are? What are the valid values? What is the range of values or the code list? Which is a list of possible values for categorical variables. If standard classifications were used, they would be described in the structural metadata.

Example: Climate normals, 1981-2010, Saskatoon

(Image of website research result of the "1981 - 2010 climate normals and averages" on the Government of Canada website with an emphasis on the Saskatoon Water TP hyperlink.)

Let's look at data standards and metadata through an example. You can go to this web page on the Government of Canada website by navigating to climate normals and averages and searching for a station name containing Saskatoon. We chose the weather station called Saskatoon Water TP.

(Image of website research result of the "1981 - 2010 climate normals and averages for the Saskatoon Water TP" on the Government of Canada website with an emphasis on the graph's title, axes and legend. Additional attention is put on the Station/Element Metadata tab.)

Clicking on the Saskatoon Water TP station brought us here. This graph has an informative title. A legend and the axes are labeled. These are examples of descriptive metadata. Above the graph for three tabs, we clicked on the one for "Station/Element Metadata."

(Image of website research result of the "1981 - 2010 climate normals and averages for the Saskatoon Water TP" on the Government of Canada website with an emphasis on the Latitude (dd mm) hyperlink.)

Clicking on this "Station/ Element Metadata" tab brought us here. The paragraph below the tabs is an example of reference metadata explaining how to assess the quality of the statistics in the table. The data producer provided this information to help the data user decide if the data is fit for their intended use. Next we clicked on the latitude hyperlink.

(Image of the metadata definition of latitude)

Clicking the latitude hyperlink brought us here. This is more reference metadata to help the user understand how latitude was measured and also to inform the user about the quality of the location data. Latitude and longitude are a standard classification for communicating locations.

(Image of website research result of the "1981 - 2010 climate normals and averages for the Saskatoon Water TP" on the Government of Canada website with an emphasis on the Normals Data tab.)

Next we return to this web page and clicked on the Normals Data tab.

(Image of website research result of the "1981 - 2010 climate normals and averages for the Saskatoon Water TP" on the Government of Canada website with an emphasis on the Normals Data tab subsection titled "Download Data" & "Related Data".)

Clicking the Normals Data tab brought us here. The paragraph below the tabs is more reference metadata describing how calculations were done and more insight about data quality. The data is available for free in CSV and XML format, both of which are common data file format standards. Also on this webpage are hyperlinks to other related metadata.

(Image of CSV file from the "1981 - 2010 climate normals and averages for the Saskatoon Water TP" website from the Government of Canada website withan emphasis on CSV table titles, standardized province abbreviations, numbering methodolgies and date nomenclature.)

We downloaded the data in CSV or comma separated values format. This is a small segment of it. The left hand column explicitly states that it includes metadata to help users understand and use this microdata. The province is SK, which is the standard abbreviation for Saskatchewan. Negative values are indicated with a minus sign, which is a common data standard. Dates are formatted Year Year Year Year Slash Day Day, which is a somewhat common data standard for dates.

Example: Recap

Now let's reveal what we saw in the example. The data producer gathered the climate microdata and did some processing applied data standards for dates and negative numbers, and used a standard classification for latitude and longitude. From the microdata they produced dated products. In this example, we saw a chart, a graph, and a downloadable data set. The data producer also created metadata describing everything they did and strategically chose where to display the metadata in the data products so that it would be intuitive and transparent to the data user where to find the information they need. The data user in this example navigates through the data products from the metadata. The data user learns about what data quality methods used and data standards were applied.

Knowledge check

(Image of Canada's new motor vehicle registrations from the Government of Canada. With an emphasis on column titles, superscripts, and references.)

The example walked us through how to spot metadata and data standards. Now it's your turn. What you see on the screen is a data table of new motor vehicle registrations. Pause the video here and see how many examples of metadata you can see on the screen. Press play to see our answers. The table has labels on the rows and columns. This is an example of descriptive metadata. The font is pretty small. But there's a superscript on the words "other fuel types". That is a hyperlink. If you could press it, you'd see that it makes a pop-up message appear listing other fuel types. This is another example of descriptive metadata. Below the table is a goldmine of related information. If you were able to click on any of the hyperlinks there you'd find referenced metadata about the data source, methods, and quality.

Recap of key points

Data standards are rules used to standardize the way data are described, represented and structured. Data standards make data easier to work with. Metadata is data that provides information about other data. Metadata makes data easier to use. Using and sharing data standards and metadata facilitates using and sharing data.

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Telling the data story: How to create stories that matter

Catalogue number: 892000062021005

Release date: May 3, 2021 Updated: December 13, 2021

By the end of this video, you should have a deeper understanding of the fundamentals of using data to tell a story. We will go over some the principle components of storytelling including the data, the narrative and visualization, and discuss how they can be used to construct concise, informative and interesting messages your audience can trust. And then, you will learn the importance of a well-planned data story, which includes learning who your audience will be, what they should know and how to best deliver that information.

Data journey step
Tell the story
Data competency
  • Data interpretation
  • Data visualisation
  • Storytelling
Audience
Basic
Suggested prerequisites
N/A
Length
12:35
Cost
Free

Watch the video

Telling the data story: How to create stories that matter - Transcript

Telling the data story: How to create stories that matter - Transcript

(The Statistics Canada symbol and Canada wordmark appear on screen with the title: "Telling the Data Story: How to create stories that matter")

Telling the Data Story: How to create stories that matter

Welcome to telling the story. This video is meant to help learners understand how to tell interesting and informative stories with data.

Learning goals

By the end of this video, you should have a deeper understanding of the fundamentals of using data to tell a story. We will go over some of the principal components of storytelling including the data, the narrative and visualization, and discuss how they can be used to construct concise, informative and interesting messages your audience can trust. And then, you will learn the importance of a well planned data story, which includes learning who your audience will be, what they should know and how to best deliver that information.

Steps of a data journey

(Text on screen: Supported by a foundation of stewardship, metadata, standards and quality)

(Diagram of the Steps of the data journey: Step 1 - define, find, gather; Step 2 - explore, clean, describe; Step 3 - analyze, model; Step 4 - tell the story. The data journey is supported by a foundation of stewardship, metadata, standards and quality.)

This diagram is a visual representation of the data journey, from collecting the data to exploring, cleaning, describing and understanding the data, to analyzing the data, and lastly, to communicating with others the story the data tell.

Step 4: Tell the story

(Diagram of the Steps of the data journey with an emphasis on Step 4 - Tell the story)

This video will focus primarily on that final step of the data journey: telling the story. Being a good storyteller means being able to present information without inserting your opinions. It is important to keep things simple, which is done by determining what's important and what's not. Meaning, effective data storytellers also need to be ruthless editors and try to find signals in the noise.

What is a data story?

What is a data story? One way to describe data storytelling is the ability to convey data not just in numbers or charts, but as a narrative that humans can comprehend. A data story is made up of three principal components - the data, the narrative and visualizations, which all work together to create a spoken or written account of the data that meets the information needs of your audience. The goal of a data story is to provide context to help explain the importance of the data and help communicate any key messages you are trying to relay through your data story. Powerful data storytellers are ones that know how to effectively reduce their findings down to a core set that gets the point across in the most direct and succinct manner.

Why tell a data story?

But why tell a story? Why not just show people numbers in a spreadsheet? Well, quite frankly it's because stories are easier to remember. People relate to stories. And, truth be told, data stories are for the audience, not the author. Ever since humans first sat around a campfire, stories have been told to: Inform, to tell, update, provide facts; Persuade to sell, convince and recommend; Entertained to humor or amuse and touch our emotions. Overall when we want to tell a story, we don't just want people to understand the data and/or information we are discussing. Using stories helps your main ideas stick.

Components of a data story

Earlier, we told you a data, story is spoken or written account of the data made up of a narrative and accompanied by visualizations. Here, we will break down exactly what we mean when we use the terms data, narrative and visualizations. Data are Statistics and information included in your data story to support your key message. The narrative is built around the data and includes other information used to tell the data story. It also provides context to help explain the importance of the data and the key messages you are telling through to your data story. And finally, visualizations are the tables, graphs, charts, maps, pictographs and other data visualizations you use in telling your data story. If done correctly, visualizations help your key messages "pop".

More about the data

Before deciding which statistics and information to include in your data story, you must first confirm that the data are of adequate quality and value to be used for your purposes. Identifying data that meet the necessary criteria to be in your data story can be a ruthless affair. You'll likely have to conduct lots of analysis and now is the time to highlight and properly source your key findings.

More about the narrative

More about the narrative. A strong narrative is built on a strong structure. And what do we mean by structure? Well, if a narrative is used to tell a story, then it must, like all good stories, contain a beginning, a middle and an end or, what we will refer to here as the what, the so what and the now what. The what introduces a topic and explains the context. What are the facts? What does the audience need to know? The so what explains the data. What are the facts? Why are they important? And the now what calls readers to action. It should explain which conclusions can be drawn and what are the next steps.

More about visualizations

There are many different ways of presenting data visually, such as graphs, charts, maps, tables, pictographs, infographics and dashboards. For more detailed information on what data visualizations are and how to use them, check out our video titled "Data Visualization: an Introduction" also available in this series.

More about visualizations

But for now, our intention is to familiarize you with the final necessary component of an effective data story. Once you have chosen which data to include in your story and build your narrative around it, it's time to think about how to best present it to your audience. First, a good data visualization must be clear and quickly interpretable. Verifying this includes running tests for accessibility purposes. Remember, visualizations are not just there to look interesting, they are designed to aid readers' interpretation of your data story and help guide them. This means using visual properties the human brain processes immediately and without our conscious action and includes attributes like color, size and shape. We also want to make sure annotations are used to direct the audiences' attention and highlight key messages and all sourced materials are referenced. To avoid ineffective visualizations, you should ensure all unnecessary clutter has been removed and that it is not in any way distort key messages or mislead the reader.

Planning your data story

(Diagram of the key steps to keep in mind when planning a data story: 1) Who is the audience for the data story? 2) What is the goal of the data story? 3) What format will best fit the audience and achieve the goal?)

So far, we have examined the fundamentals of using data to tell a story, which include principal components of storytelling including the data, the narrative and visualization. Then, we discuss the part each one plays in constructing concise, informative and interesting messages. Next, we went through what it means to create a sticky story your audience can trust. So, now that we have all the pieces we need to create an effective data story, it's time to make a plan. Planning your data story, like planning a vacation, is when you know where you are now and you can see where you want to be at the end, but you haven't quite figured out exactly how you will get there. The three steps for planning your data story are as follows. First, who is the audience for the data story? Second, what is the goal of the data story? And third, what format will best achieve this goal?

Step 1: Who is your audience?

(Text on screen: General public? Senior Management? Academics? Colleagues? Policy makers? Media?)

Step one in planning your data story is knowing your audience. There are many different audiences and many different variables that could affect how we present our ideas. For example, when it comes to the general public, the level of engagement and understanding regarding any specific topic will most likely be very different than that of a senior government official. Each audience has a unique and specific expectation for how messages are presented. Other potential audiences include members of the academic community, who can handle very detailed and technical information. When communicating with colleagues and peers, the tone and style might be more casual. With makers of official policy, the opposite might be true, and the tone is very serious and professional. And with the media, you have many different types of audience.

Different audiences... different information

The types of audiences listed here demonstrate a range of comprehensions. Meaning the depth and detail of your story should be adjusted accordingly based on your audience's knowledge, interest and information needs. Novice means this is their first exposure to the subject. Here, we make no assumptions of prior knowledge, but it does not mean we oversimplify the message. A generalist is aware of the topic, but is looking more for an overview to help understand major themes rather than lower level details. A managerial audience requires something more in-depth and actionable. The have an understanding of the intricacies and interrelationships of the subject matter. Expert audiences want you to explore and discover new areas of the topic. They don't need a lot of background or high level details. And finally, there are decision-makers or executives, to whom time is the most important element. Keep it simple and be direct.

Know your audience

Another way to think about knowing your audience is by placing close attention to them and trying to understand different perspectives when planning your data story. Ask yourself, why is this important to this audience? Why does this matter to them? Why should they care? For example, if you are speaking to a novice, you might want to use common words and tell them a story that relays information they can immediately implement. Technical wording and expressions are more likely to be appreciated by managers or experts in the field, and their story might be used for briefing their own team or upwards to senior management. Inversely, if your story is a call to action for decision makers in a particular field, avoid any unnecessary detail and keep it need to know only. No matter who your audience is, use language that is understandable and relatable to them.

Step 2: What is the goal of the data story?

Step 2 in your data story is knowing your goal or purpose. There can be many goals to a story. One goal might be to simply to inform your audience about your data findings and where they fit into our current understanding of the topic. An example of this is weather or traffic report. Short and sweet. Another goal of a data story is to persuade. Your data story may be used to persuade a client to purchase your product or service, or to persuade your manager to follow your recommendations on a new sales strategy for the new fiscal year. The goal of your data story might even be to entertain. Entire businesses succeed or fail based on their ability to entertain their audience, such as magazines, blogs or websites. Of course, your data story could have multiple goals.

Step 3: What format will best achieve the goal?

Step 3 in planning your data story is to decide what format you will use. The format you choose will affect further decisions on the elements to use to tell your data story and the amount of time and space you have to tell it. Your audience can also affect the format you choose. For example, you are not likely to create an infographic to update your manager or project team on the progress of an ongoing research project. Instead, you might choose to provide a briefing report that can easily be altered and updated from week to week. Some briefing reports or publications may require a very specific format, but you may have more leeway in report to your team. They may even prefer an oral presentation. Whereas you may want to use more engaging visuals such as dashboards to engage an external audience such as new customers or new readers for your website.

Same information, different formats

(Two images representing information about walkable neighborhood and physical activity. Image on the right represent the front page of an academic paper. Image on the right represents an infographic summarizing academic paper.)

Here we have an example of how the same data can take on different formats, depending on who the audience might be. The goal of this data stories to inform the audience that physical activity is positively associated with the activity friendliness or walkability of the neighborhood a person lives in. In this case, we see how the audience can make a major impact on the final format of the data story. On the left, we see a research article that was written to inform academics and policy makers of our key message. And, on the right we have chosen an infographic to paint a picture for the general public who might not be as knowledgeable on the topic and benefit from a more visual storyline. Both formats have met their goal of informing their audience accordingly.

Dashboards for decision-makers

If your audience happens to be a decision maker, one of the most effective ways to tell a detailed yet concise data story is by using a dashboard. By tracking key performance indicators, a data dashboard manages important information that can be easily updated as time passes. Dashboards assists in monitoring the performance of a specific department or process, and deliver results quickly but without context, which is an important part of telling an effective data story and something that must always be kept in mind when choosing the right format for the right audience.

Recap of key points

In the end, this short video was meant to help learners tell interesting and informative stories with data. We explained the three most important components of a data story: the data, the narrative and visualizations, and we finally reviewed the importance of planning the structure of your data story by first determining who your audience is, what the goal of the story should be and how it might be best presented. Together, these elements are used to construct concise, informative and interesting data stories.

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Why do we conduct this survey?

This survey collects financial data from the Canadian Level IV air carriers. This information is used to determine if a carrier has reached the revenue threshold required to qualify for reporting Level III. The data are also used by various government departments for statistical and research purposes.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Natural Resources Canada, Transport Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Under Section 12 of the Statistics Act, respondents can object to the sharing of information with other organizations. However, respondents do not have the right of refusal with respect to sharing the data with Transport Canada. Transport Canada has the legislative authority to collect and use this information pursuant to the Canada Transportation Act (CTA) and the Transportation Information Regulations.

Respondents may refuse to share their information with Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, and mailing it to the following address. These organizations have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name:
  • Operating name (if applicable):

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Preferred language of communication:
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street):
  • City:
  • Province, territory or state:
  • Postal code or ZIP code:
  • Country:
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
    The maximum number of characters is 10.
  • Fax number (including area code):

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating due to other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity
    Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity:
    e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

  • Yes
    When did the main activity change?
    Date:
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is: Main activity. Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

  • Yes, there are other activities
    Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity:
    e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
  • No, that is the only significant activity

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?
  Percentage of revenue
Main activity  
Secondary activity  
All other activities  
Total percentage  

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

  • May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020
  • June 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020
  • July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020
  • August 1, 2019 to July 31, 2020
  • September 1, 2019 to August 31, 2020
  • October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020
  • November 1, 2019 to October 31, 2020
  • December 1, 2019 to November 30, 2020
  • January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020
  • February 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021
  • March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021
  • April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • September 18, 2019 to September 15, 2020 ( e.g., floating year-end)
  • June 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 ( e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date:

Fiscal year-end date:

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

  • Seasonal operations
  • New business
  • Change of ownership
  • Temporarily inactive
  • Change of fiscal year
  • Ceased operations
  • Other
    Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year:

Statement of Revenues, Annual - Statement 21 (IV)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what was the operating revenue earned by this business?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Scheduled services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Charter services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.

Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.

Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (A complete list of activities which are specialty and therefore not subject to filing requirements as charter can be found in the Transport Canada document entitled "Starting a Commercial Air Service", TP 8880.)

Fixed wing

Means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed. An aircraft having wings fixed to the airplane fuselage and outspread in flight - that is non-rotating wings.

Helicopter

Means a rotary wing, heavier-than-air aircraft, supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes. A helicopter does not have conventional fixed wings, nor is it provided with a conventional propeller for forward thrust.

Total operating revenue

Include revenue from air transportation services (for example, transportation of passengers, transportation of goods and other flight-related revenue [such as flying training, recreational flying and other specialty flying]) and all other sources.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what was the operating revenue earned by this business?
  CAN$ '000
O scope="row"perating revenue
Include scheduled and charter services.
 
a. Fixed wing services  
b. Helicopter services  
Total operating revenue  

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other
    Specify the other changes or events:
  • No changes or events

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information. Is [Provided Given Names] , [Provided Family Name] the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
    The maximum number of characters is 5.
  • Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours:
  • Minutes:

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Why do we conduct this survey?

This survey collects financial and operational data from the Canadian Level lll air carriers needed to measure the growth, the performance and the long-term financial position of the airline industry. The information is also used by Statistics Canada as input to the Canadian System of National Accounts and by individual carriers for measuring company performance relative to groups of competitors.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Natural Resources Canada, Transport Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Under Section 12 of the Statistics Act, respondents can object to the sharing of information with other organizations. However, respondents do not have the right of refusal with respect to sharing the data with Transport Canada. Transport Canada has the legislative authority to collect and use this information pursuant to the Canada Transportation Act (CTA) and the Transportation Information Regulations.

Respondents may refuse to share their information with Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, and mailing it to the following address. These organizations have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name:
  • Operating name (if applicable):

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Preferred language of communication:
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street):
  • City:
  • Province, territory or state:
  • Postal code or ZIP code:
  • Country:
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
    The maximum number of characters is 10.
  • Fax number (including area code):

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating due to other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity
    Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity:
    e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

  • Yes
    When did the main activity change?
    Date:
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is: Main activity. Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

  • Yes, there are other activities
    Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity:
    e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
  • No, that is the only significant activity

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?
  Percentage of revenue
Main activity  
Secondary activity  
All other activities  
Total percentage  

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2020and March 31, 2021.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

  • May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020
  • June 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020
  • July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020
  • August 1, 2019 to July 31, 2020
  • September 1, 2019 to August 31, 2020
  • October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020
  • November 1, 2019 to October 31, 2020
  • December 1, 2019 to November 30, 2020
  • January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020
  • February 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021
  • March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021
  • April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • September 18, 2019 to September 15, 2020 ( e.g., floating year-end)
  • June 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 ( e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date:

Fiscal year-end date:

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

  • Seasonal operations
  • New business
  • Change of ownership
  • Temporarily inactive
  • Change of fiscal year
  • Ceased operations
  • Other
    Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year:

Balance Sheet, Annual - Statement 20 (II, III)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's assets and liabilities?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Financial assets

Current assets

Include:

  • cash, bank balances (including deposits in transit, special deposits for the payments of debts, and so on) and short-term investments due within one year from the date of the balance sheet;
  • current accounts and notes receivable as well as other current assets such as inventories, charges to subscribers on transportation contracts, interests and dividends receivable, and so on.

All other financial assets – (Include investments and special funds.)

Include investments in associated companies, other investments such as investments in stocks, bonds, and so on, and special funds such as equipment purchase funds, funds set aside for such special purposes as contractual deposits, pension funds, self-insurance funds, and so on.

Property and equipment

Operating - property and equipment – (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • ground property and equipment (including flight equipment) owned and/or under capital leases;
  • the cost of aircraft (airframes), aircraft engines, propellers, components (aircraft communication and navigational equipment) and spare parts that have been purchased outright;
  • the cost of non-airborne communication and meteorological equipment, ramp equipment, maintenance and engineering equipment, surface transport vehicles and equipment, furniture, fixtures and office equipment, buildings and land as well as miscellaneous ground equipment such as medical equipment, airport and lighting equipment, passenger service equipment, hotel, restaurant and food service equipment, storage and distribution equipment. Property and equipment under capital leases includes the cost of property and equipment under a capital or finance lease, in other words, a lease for a period considered to be the whole or nearly the whole life of the property or equipment.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - property and equipment

Include:

  • accumulated depreciation and amortization of ground property and equipment (including flight equipment) owned and/or under capital leases;
  • accrued charges representing losses, not replaced by current repairs, occurring in physical property and suffered through current lessening of service value due to wear and tear from use and the action of time and the elements; and losses occurring through obsolescence, supersession, new technological developments, changes in popular demand and the requirements of public authority.

Non-operating property and equipment – (Include capital leases.)

Include the cost of all non-operating property and equipment, in other words, all property and equipment not included in the "operating" category above.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - non-operating property and equipment

Include accumulated depreciation and amortization of the non-operating property and equipment.

All other assets

Include long-term prepayments, developmental and pre-operating costs such as the cost of extraordinary training, unamortized discounts and expenses on the issue of long-term debt securities, property acquisition adjustments, other intangibles such as payments made for patents, copyrights, and so on, and other deferred charges.

Total assets

The sum of the assets above less the accumulated depreciation and amortization.

Liabilities and capital

Current liabilities

Include:

  • current accounts and traffic balances payable, including balances subject to current settlement and payable to associated companies and/or shareholders, and notes payable on demand or within one year from the date of the balance sheet;
  • the current portion of long-term debt and the current obligations under capital leases;
  • air traffic liabilities (unearned transportation revenue), which includes the value of passenger tickets sold but not used or refunded as of the date of the balance sheet, and pre-paid amounts for the transportation of baggage, freight and mail for which the transportation has not occurred as of the date of the balance sheet;
  • salaries and wages accrued and unpaid, taxes accrued and unpaid, dividends payable, deposits by subscribers on transportation contracts (air travel plan liabilities, in other words, deposits received under air travel plan contracts) and other current and accrued liabilities.

Advances from associated companies and/or shareholders

Include the net amount from associated companies and/or shareholders for notes, loans or advances which are not currently settled.

Long-term debt and other non-current liabilities – (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • the face value or principal amount of debt securities (for example, bonds, trust certificates, debentures, notes) issued and assumed by the air carrier and in the hands of others, which is not payable within twelve months of the balance sheet date;
  • long-term obligations under capital leases, which refers to the present value of unexpired contracts for the acquisition of aircraft under such lease arrangements.

Deferred income taxes

Include taxes that will be owed on income, but that have not yet been assessed.

All other liabilities

Include:

  • deferred credits which correspond to unamortized premiums on all classes of long-term debt, and other deferred credits such as securities issued or assumed by the air carrier, and other unadjusted accounts that cannot be cleared as of the date of the balance sheet;
  • provisions for major overhauls such as for flight equipment (in other words, liabilities of uncertain value or timing associated with the complete disassembly and inspection or repair of an aircraft, engine or other component of an aircraft) and other provisions such as liabilities of uncertain value or timing.

Shareholders' equity

Capital stock

Include the equity capital invested in a business through the purchase of various classes of common and preferred shares.

Retained earnings

Include the portion of after-tax profits left over, after dividends have been paid to shareholders, for reinvestment into the company. If this account is negative, then the amount indicated for this item should be shown with a negative (-) sign.

All other items

Include other paid-in capital and reserves. Other paid-in capital or contributed surplus includes the premiums or discounts that have resulted from selling stock, and stock received from donations. Reserves include any reserve fund such as reserve for self-insurance, reserve for pension, reserves against potential future losses, and so on. Also, include proprietorship or partnership accounts (balance year-end).

Total liabilities and capital

The sum of liabilities and capital plus the sum of shareholders' equity which should equal total assets.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's assets and liabilities?
  CAN$ '000
Financial assets  
a. Current assets  
b. All other financial assets
Include investments and special funds.
 
Property and equipment  
a. Operating - property and equipment
Include capital leases.
 
b. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
c. Non-operating property and equipment
Include capital leases.
 
d. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
e. All other assets  
Total assets  
Liabilities and capital  
a. Current liabilities  
b. Advances from associated companies and/or shareholders  
c. Long-term debt and other non-current liabilities
Include capital leases.
 
d. Deferred incomes taxes  
e. All other liabilities  
Shareholders' equity  
a. Capital stock  
b. Retained earnings  
c. All other items  
Total liabilities and capital  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (III)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating revenue?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Scheduled services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Charter services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.

Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.

Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (A complete list of activities which are specialty and therefore not subject to filing requirements as charter can be found in the Transport Canada document entitled "Starting a Commercial Air Service", TP 8880.)

Passenger revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on scheduled and charter services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, changing or cancelling flights, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities.

Goods revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on scheduled and charter services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST).

All other flight-related revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from air transport activities not included in passenger revenue or goods revenue. Include revenue from other flying services such as flying training, recreational flying and other specialty flying.

All other revenue

Include subsidies and revenue earned from all other sources (including contra revenue, revenue of a corporate nature (leasing revenue, third party ground-handling, and so on), ancillary passenger revenue not easily allocated by operating flight (customs brokerage, and so on), revenue from in-flight sales (beverages, food, entertainment and wireless Internet access, and so on)).

Total operating revenue

The sum of passenger revenue, goods revenue, other flight-related revenue and revenue from all other sources.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating revenue?
  CAN$ '000
Operating revenue  
a. Scheduled services - passenger revenue
Include revenue from fees such as baggage, fuel, seat selection, etc.
 
b. Scheduled services - goods revenue  
c. Charter services - passenger revenue  
d. Charter services - goods revenue  
e. All other flight - related revenue
Include revenue from flying services such as flying training, recreational flying, etc.
 
f. All other revenue
Include subsidies and revenue earned from all other sources.
 
Total operating revenue  

2. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating expenses?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Operating expenses

Maintenance - ground property and equipment

Expenses incurred in the repair and upkeep of ground property and equipment. Include employee wages, salaries and benefits (including employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on), expenses for materials and supplies, purchased repair services and all other related expenses.

Aircraft operations

Expenses incurred directly for the in-flight operation of aircraft or in the holding of aircraft and aircraft personnel in readiness for assignment to an in-flight status.

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits (including employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals) for flight crews (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, and so on);
  • expenses for turbo fuel, gasoline and all other fuel and oil consumed such as turbine oil and piston oil (including throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes);
  • airport landing fees paid both in Canada and outside of Canada;
  • navigation fees remitted to NAV CANADA or other international suppliers for the provision of air navigation services (air navigation services include aeronautical communication services, aeronautical information services, aeronautical radio navigation services, air traffic control services, aviation weather services, emergency assistance services and flight information services);
  • expenses for insurance against accidental damage to flight equipment while in flight or on the ground and for insurance against liability occurring from the operation of aircraft or, in the case of non-insurance, the resulting expenses for which the carrier is liable;
  • expenses incurred for the rental of aircraft (and crew) from other carriers, such as in chartering, interchange and operating or lease agreements;
  • all other aircraft operation expenses incurred directly for the in-flight operation and related standby time of aircraft.

Maintenance - flight equipment

Expenses incurred in the repair and upkeep of flight equipment. Include employee wages, salaries and benefits (including employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on), expenses for materials and supplies, purchased repair services and all other related expenses.

General administration

Expenses incurred for in-flight service, aircraft and traffic servicing, promotion and sales and general administration.

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits (including employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals) paid to cabin crews (flight attendants, and so on), ground personnel, staff engaged in reservations, ticketing, sales and promotional activities and all other employees (including the personnel performing the general and administrative functions of the air carrier);
  • expenses for in-flight service such as passenger food and supplies (in-flight meals, complimentary drinks, and so on and the cost of supplies and personal services furnished to passengers), passenger liability insurance (premiums for passenger liability and accident insurance) and all other in-flight service expenses (including passenger-related expenses incurred due to interrupted flights, including hotels, meals, taxi fares and other expense items, the cost of other services provided to passengers, such as pay, allowances and the cost of passenger service personnel, and all other services provided for the comfort of passengers in transit);
  • expenses for aircraft and traffic servicing purchased from outside suppliers, expenses incurred on the ground for scheduling or preparing aircraft for arrival and takeoff, expenses incurred in enplaning and deplaning passenger and cargo traffic, and expenses involved in servicing and handling individual aircraft and traffic on the ground, in preparing aircraft crews for flight assignment, in controlling the in-flight movements of aircraft and the in-flight expenses of handling all traffic including baggage;
  • all promotion and sales expenses such as passenger and cargo commission expenses (the net commission payable to others for the sale of transportation on the reporting carrier's service less the commission receivable from the reporting carrier's sale of transportation on other carriers' services), advertising and publicity expenses and any related expenses, accommodation costs, agency fees for outside services, expenses associated with reservations, city ticket offices and other sales expenses;
  • general administration expenses such as those for financial accounting activities, supplementary labour income, property taxes, building rentals, communications purchased, purchasing activities, representation at law, and all other operational administration expenses not directly applicable to a particular function that are not included in the previous operating expenses categories;
  • expenses such as incidental air transport-related expenses associated with revenue reported as "all other revenue";
  • staff reduction expenses.

Depreciation

Include:

  • provisions for the depreciation of ground property and equipment (including flight equipment);
  • all charges incurred in normal wear and tear on property and equipment which have not been replaced by current year repair, as well as losses in service ability;
  • charges for the amortization of capitalized development and other intangible assets.

All other expenses

Include any and all miscellaneous operating expenses not reported elsewhere.

Total operating expenses

The sum of the previous six expense items.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating expenses?
  CAN$ '000
Operating expenses  
a. Maintenance - ground property and equipment  
b. Aircraft operations  
c. Maintenance - flight equipment  
d. General administration
Include expenses incurred for in-flight service, aircraft and traffic servicing, promotion and sales and general administration.
 
e. Depreciation
Include provisions for the depreciation of ground property and equipment (including flight equipment), etc.
 
f. All other expenses  
Total operating expenses  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (III)

3. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating and non-operating income?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Operating income

Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)

Total operating revenue less total operating expenses - calculated from the previous questions.

Non-operating income/expenses

Interest and discount income

Include interest income from all sources and cash discounts on the purchase of materials and supplies.

Interest expenses

Include interest on unpaid taxes and all classes of debt including premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term obligations, amortization of premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term and long-term obligations.

All other net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)

Include:

  • capital gains (or losses) from retiring operating property and equipment, aircraft equipment, expendable parts, miscellaneous materials and supplies and other assets, when they are sold or otherwise retired from service as part of a general program and not as incidental sales performed as a service to others;
  • gains or losses made on investments in securities;
  • net miscellaneous non-operating income or loss, which refers to revenue and expenses attributable to financing or other activities that are not an integral part of the air transportation activities undertaken by the carrier, or its incidental services. These could include dividend income, the balance of all income or losses from affiliated companies reimbursed to the carrier, foreign exchange adjustments and special items, such as restructuring expenses, which do not occur on a regular basis.

Exclude staff reduction expenses which should be included under all other expenses.

Net non-operating income (a loss should be a negative number)

The sum of the previous three income or expense items.

Provision for income taxes

Include the provision for taxes payable on net income for the accounting period and adjustments of income taxes relating to previous years, including provisions for deferred income taxes resulting from differences between accounting income and taxable income that arise when the time of including items of revenue and expense in the computation of accounting income and taxable income do not coincide. If the net amount is negative, then the amount indicated for this item should be shown with a negative (-) sign.

Net income (a loss should be a negative number)

Net operating income plus net non-operating income less the provision for income taxes.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating and non-operating income?
  CAN$ '000
Operating income  
a. Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)
Calculated from the previous questions as total operating revenue [$ amount] less total operating expenses [$ amount].
 
Non-operating income/expenses  
a. Interest and discount income  
b. Interest expenses  
c. All other net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)  
Net non-operating income (a loss should be a negative number)  
d. Provision for income taxes  
Net income (a loss should be a negative number)  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (III)

4. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's fuel consumption.

Fuel and oil consumed

Turbo fuel consumed

Include fuel used in both turboprop and jet aircraft.

Provide the quantity and expenses for turbo fuel consumed. Turbo fuel includes the turbine fuel uplifted for all aircraft in the carrier's fleet. Fuel uplift can be determined based on delivery notes or invoices, aircraft onboard measurement systems or, if the fuel was supplied by a customer, estimated based on hours flown. Report the quantity of turbo fuel consumed in litres.

Include turbo fuel consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for turbo fuel consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes. If the fuel was supplied by a customer, an approximate value may be provided based on prevailing market rates.

Conversion factor

To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

Gasoline consumed

Provide the quantity and expenses for gasoline consumed. If the gasoline was supplied by a customer, it may be estimated based on hours flown. Report the quantity of gasoline consumed in litres.
Include gasoline consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for gasoline consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes. If the gasoline was supplied by a customer, an approximate value may be provided based on prevailing market rates.

Conversion factor

To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

All other fuel and oil consumed

Provide the quantity and expenses for all other fuel and oil consumed. Report the quantity of all other fuel and oil consumed in litres.
The quantity should include turbine oil, piston oil and all other types of fuel and oil consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for all other fuel and oil consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes.

Conversion factor

To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

Total fuel and oil consumed

The sum of the quantities and expenses reported in the previous three items.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's fuel consumption.
  Quantity -
Litres (L)
Expenses
CAN$ '000
Fuel and oil consumed    
a. Turbo fuel consumed (litres)
Include fuel used in both turboprop and jet aircraft.
   
b. Gasoline consumed (litres)    
c. All other fuel and oil consumed (litres)    
Total fuel and oil consumed (litres)    

5. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's employment.

Average number of employees

Refers to the average number of people employed for each of the six categories of personnel.

Include all employees, temporary or permanent, on the payroll of the air carrier during the reporting period. Include part-time employees, prorated to the amount of time worked when compared to full-time employees (for example, two part-time employees working half-time are equivalent to one full-time employee).

Wages and salaries expenses

Include a breakdown of the wages and salaries paid for each of the six categories of personnel.

Exclude all benefits, in other words, employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on or layover expenses, such as hotels and meals, for flight and cabin crews.

Employment category

Include:

  • Pilots and co-pilots. Self-explanatory;
  • Other flight personnel. Flight crew (including flight engineers, navigators, and so on) and cabin crew (including flight attendants, and so on);
  • General management and administration employees (including the personnel performing the general and administrative functions such as administrative personnel at headquarters, comptrollers and assistants, directors and assistants (operations, passenger service, public relations, sales), and so on);
  • Maintenance personnel (including the personnel performing the ground property and equipment maintenance such as the carpenters, cleaners, and so on and including the personnel performing the flight equipment maintenance such as the aircraft maintenance engineers and the inspectors of flight equipment);
  • Aircraft and traffic servicing personnel (including supervisory personnel, assigned to ground activities, engaged directly in protecting and controlling aircraft in flight (flight dispatch personnel, flight planning staff), in scheduling and preparing flight crews for flight assignment, in parking and servicing aircraft incidental to line operations and including baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and so on);
  • All other employees (including air ambulance attendants, accountants, economists, statisticians, lawyers, purchasing personnel, publicity representatives, and so on).

Total employees

The sum of the number and the wages and salaries expenses for the six categories of personnel.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's employment.
  Average number of employees Wages and salaries expenses
CAN$ '000
Employment    
a. Pilots and co-pilots    
b. Other flight personnel
Include flight engineers, navigators, flight attendants, etc.
   
c. General management and administration employees    
d. Maintenance personnel    
e. Aircraft and traffic servicing personnel
Include flight dispatch personnel, flight planning staff, aircraft fuelers, etc.
   
f. All other employees
Include air ambulance attendants, accountants, purchasing personnel, etc.
   
Total employees    

6. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the distribution of this business's revenue and expenses by area of operation.

Revenue and expenses by area of operation

Passenger revenue

Include a breakdown of the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the transportation service was provided. Total passenger revenue should equal the sum of passenger revenue from scheduled services and charter services previously reported.

Goods revenue

Include a breakdown of the revenue earned from the transportation of goods for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the transportation service was provided. Total goods revenue should equal the sum of goods revenue from scheduled services and charter services previously reported.

Employee wages and salaries

Include a breakdown of employee wages and salaries for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the employees are located. Total employee wages and salaries should equal the total wages and salaries expenses reported in the "Employment" section above.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the distribution of this business's revenue and expenses by area of operation.
  Passenger revenue
CAN$ '000
Goods revenue
CAN$ '000
Employee wages and salaries
CAN$ '000
Area of operation      
a. Newfoundland and Labrador      
b. Prince Edward Island      
c. Nova Scotia      
d. New Brunswick      
e. Quebec      
f. Ontario      
g. Manitoba      
h. Saskatchewan      
i. Alberta      
j. British Columbia      
k. Yukon      
l. Northwest Territories      
m. Nunavut      
n. Outside Canada      
Total      

Scheduled Services, Revenue Operating Statistics, Annual - Statement 10 (III)

1. For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, please provide the details of this business's scheduled services by sector of operation.

Scheduled services - operating statistics

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Sector of operation

Refers to the regions where carriers provide transportation services. There are three breakdowns - domestic, transborder (Canada-US) and other international.

Domestic

Includes operations between points in Canada.

Transborder (Canada-US)

Includes operations between points in Canada and points in the United States (including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico).

Other international

Includes all other operations (including between points outside of Canada).

Data reported must include both fixed wing and helicopter services, where:

Fixed wing

Means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed. An aircraft having wings fixed to the airplane fuselage and outspread in flight - that is non-rotating wings.

Helicopter

Means a rotary wing, heavier-than-air aircraft, supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes. A helicopter does not have conventional fixed wings, nor is it provided with a conventional propeller for forward thrust.

Scheduled services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Enplaned passengers

Refers to revenue passengers1 who board aircraft and surrender one or more flight coupons or other documents good for transportation over the itinerary specified in these coupons or documents.

1 Revenue passengers correspond to passengers for which an air carrier receives remuneration and who are travelling with tickets purchased (a) under a publicly available promotional offer; (b) through a loyalty program or through the redemption of loyalty points or miles; (c) with a corporate discount or at a preferential fare; or obtained (d) as compensation for denied boarding. It excludes (a) passengers travelling for free, at a fare available only to persons who are employees or agents of an air carrier or are travelling on the business of an air carrier; and (b) persons, such as infants, who do not occupy seats.

Passenger-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one revenue passenger on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Passenger-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown by all passengers.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Number of passengers = 5
Distance between points ( km ) = 161
Passenger-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Number of passengers = 4
Distance between points ( km ) = 322
Passenger-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of passenger-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

Hours flown

Represents the block hours, in other words, the number of hours which elapsed between the time the aircraft started to move to commence a flight and the time the aircraft came to its final stop after the conclusion of a flight. Report the total number of block hours flown to the nearest hour.

Enplaned goods

Refers to all types of non-passenger traffic. It includes priority freight, freight, mail and excess baggage for which revenue is obtained. Enplaned goods should be reported to the nearest kilogram.

Conversion factor

To convert pounds (lbs.) into kilograms (kg), multiply by 0.453592.

Goods tonne-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one tonne of goods on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Goods tonne-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown with all tonnes of goods.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Tonnes of goods = 5
Distance between points ( km ) = 161
Goods tonne-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Tonnes of goods = 4
Distance between points ( km ) = 322
Goods tonne-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of goods tonne-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

For the calendar year ending in December 2019, please provide the details of this business's scheduled services by sector of operation.
  Domestic Transborder
(Canada-US)
Other
international
Total
Scheduled services - operating statistics
Include fixed wing and helicopter services.
       
a. Number of enplaned passengers        
b. Number of passenger-kilometres        
c. Number of hours flown        
d. Enplaned goods (kilograms)        
e. Goods tonne-kilometres
(tonne-kilometres)
       

2. For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, what was the distribution by sector of the operating revenue for scheduled services?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Scheduled services - revenue

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Passenger revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on scheduled services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities.

Goods revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on scheduled services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST).

For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, what was the distribution by sector of the operating revenue for scheduled services?
  Domestic CAN$ '000 Transborder
(Canada-US) CAN$ '000
Other
international CAN$ '000
Total
CAN$ '000
Scheduled services - revenue
Include fixed wing and helicopter services.
       
a. Passenger revenue        
b. Goods revenue        

Charter Services, Revenue Operating Statistics, Annual - Statement 12 (III)

1. For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, please provide the details of this business's charter services by sector of operation.

Charter services - operating statistics

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Sector of operation

Refers to the regions where carriers provide transportation services. There are three breakdowns - domestic, transborder (Canada-US) and other international.

Domestic

Includes operations between points in Canada.

Transborder (Canada-US)

Includes operations between points in Canada and points in the United States (including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico).

Other international

Includes all other operations (including between points outside of Canada).

Data reported must include both fixed wing and helicopter services, where:

Fixed wing

Means a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft, deriving its lift in flight chiefly from aerodynamic reactions on surfaces which remain fixed. An aircraft having wings fixed to the airplane fuselage and outspread in flight - that is non-rotating wings.

Helicopter

Means a rotary wing, heavier-than-air aircraft, supported in flight chiefly by the reactions of the air on one or more power-driven rotors on substantially vertical axes. A helicopter does not have conventional fixed wings, nor is it provided with a conventional propeller for forward thrust.

Charter services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.

Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.

Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (A complete list of activities which are specialty and therefore not subject to filing requirements as charter can be found in the Transport Canada document entitled "Starting a Commercial Air Service", TP 8880.)

Enplaned passengers

Refers to revenue passengers1 who board aircraft and surrender one or more flight coupons or other documents good for transportation over the itinerary specified in these coupons or documents.

1 Revenue passengers correspond to passengers for which an air carrier receives remuneration and who are travelling with tickets purchased (a) under a publicly available promotional offer; (b) through a loyalty program or through the redemption of loyalty points or miles; (c) with a corporate discount or at a preferential fare; or obtained (d) as compensation for denied boarding. It excludes (a) passengers travelling for free, at a fare available only to persons who are employees or agents of an air carrier or are travelling on the business of an air carrier; and (b) persons, such as infants, who do not occupy seats.

Passenger-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one revenue passenger on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Passenger-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown by all passengers.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Number of passengers = 5
Distance between points ( km ) = 161
Passenger-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Number of passengers = 4
Distance between points ( km ) = 322
Passenger-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of passenger-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

Hours flown

Represents the block hours, in other words, the number of hours which elapsed between the time the aircraft started to move to commence a flight and the time the aircraft came to its final stop after the conclusion of a flight. Report the total number of block hours flown to the nearest hour.

Enplaned goods

Refers to all types of non-passenger traffic. It includes priority freight, freight, mail and excess baggage for which revenue is obtained. Enplaned goods should be reported to the nearest kilogram.

Conversion factor

To convert pounds (lbs.) into kilograms (kg), multiply by 0.453592.

Goods tonne-kilometres

Represents the carriage of one tonne of goods on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Goods tonne-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown with all tonnes of goods.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Tonnes of goods = 5
Distance between points ( km ) = 161
Goods tonne-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Tonnes of goods = 4
Distance between points ( km ) = 322
Goods tonne-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of goods tonne-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor

To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, please provide the details of this business's charter services by sector of operation.
  Domestic Transborder
(Canada-US)
Other
international
Total
Charter services - operating statistics
Include fixed wing and helicopter services.
       
a. Number of enplaned passengers        
b. Number of passenger-kilometres        
c. Number of hours flown        
d. Enplaned goods (kilograms)        
e. Goods tonne-kilometres
(tonne-kilometres)
       

2. For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, what was the distribution by sector of the operating revenue for charter services?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Charter services - revenue

Include fixed wing and helicopter services.

Passenger revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on charter services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities.

Goods revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on charter services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST).

For the calendar year ending in December YYYY, what was the distribution by sector of the operating revenue for charter services?
  Domestic CAN$ '000 Transborder
(Canada-US) CAN$ '000
Other
international CAN$ '000
Total
CAN$ '000
Charter services - revenue
Include fixed wing and helicopter services.
       
a. Passenger revenue        
b. Goods revenue        

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other
    Specify the other changes or events:
  • No changes or events

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information. Is [Provided Given Names], [Provided Family Name] the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
    The maximum number of characters is 5.
  • Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours:
  • Minutes:

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Why do we conduct this survey?

This survey collects financial data from the Canadian Level II air carriers needed to measure the growth, the performance and the long-term financial position of the airline industry. The information is also used by Statistics Canada as input to the Canadian System of National Accounts and by individual carriers for measuring company performance relative to groups of competitors.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Natural Resources Canada, Transport Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Under Section 12 of the Statistics Act, respondents can object to the sharing of information with other organizations. However, respondents do not have the right of refusal with respect to sharing the data with Transport Canada. Transport Canada has the legislative authority to collect and use this information pursuant to the Canada Transportation Act (CTA) and the Transportation Information Regulations.

Respondents may refuse to share their information with Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, and mailing it to the following address. These organizations have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name
The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name
The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

Legal name:

Operating name (if applicable):

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

First name:

Last name:

Title:

Preferred language of communication:

  • English
  • French

Mailing address (number and street):

City:

Province, territory or state:

Postal code or ZIP code:

Country:

  • Canada
  • United States

Email address:

Telephone number (including area code):

Extension number (if applicable):
The maximum number of characters is 10.

Fax number (including area code):

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating due to other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity
    Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity:
    e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

  • Yes
    When did the main activity change?
    Date:
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is:

Main activity

Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

  • Yes, there are other activities
    Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity:
    e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
  • No, that is the only significant activity

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Example
  Percentage of revenue
Main activity  
Secondary activity  
All other activities  
Total percentage  

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

  • May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020
  • June 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020
  • July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020
  • August 1, 2019 to July 31, 2020
  • September 1, 2019 to August 31, 2020
  • October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020
  • November 1, 2019 to October 31, 2020
  • December 1, 2019 to November 30, 2020
  • January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020
  • February 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021
  • March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021
  • April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • September 18, 2019 to September 15, 2020 ( e.g., floating year-end)
  • June 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 ( e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date:

Fiscal year-end date:

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

  • Seasonal operations
  • New business
  • Change of ownership
  • Temporarily inactive
  • Change of fiscal year
  • Ceased operations
  • Other - Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year:  

Balance Sheet, Annual - Statement 20 (II, III)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what were this business's assets and liabilities?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Financial assets

Current assets

Include:

  • cash, bank balances (including deposits in transit, special deposits for the payments of debts, and so on) and short-term investments due within one year from the date of the balance sheet;
  • current accounts and notes receivable as well as other current assets such as inventories, charges to subscribers on transportation contracts, interests and dividends receivable, and so on.

All other financial assets - (Include investments and special funds.)

Include investments in associated companies, other investments such as investments in stocks, bonds, and so on, and special funds such as equipment purchase funds, funds set aside for such special purposes as contractual deposits, pension funds, self-insurance funds, and so on.

Property and equipment

Operating - property and equipment - (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • ground property and equipment (including flight equipment) owned and/or under capital leases;
  • the cost of aircraft (airframes), aircraft engines, propellers, components (aircraft communication and navigational equipment) and spare parts that have been purchased outright;
  • the cost of non-airborne communication and meteorological equipment, ramp equipment, maintenance and engineering equipment, surface transport vehicles and equipment, furniture, fixtures and office equipment, buildings and land as well as miscellaneous ground equipment such as medical equipment, airport and lighting equipment, passenger service equipment, hotel, restaurant and food service equipment, storage and distribution equipment. Property and equipment under capital leases includes the cost of property and equipment under a capital or finance lease, in other words, a lease for a period considered to be the whole or nearly the whole life of the property or equipment.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - property and equipment

Include:

  • accumulated depreciation and amortization of ground property and equipment (including flight equipment) owned and/or under capital leases;
  • accrued charges representing losses, not replaced by current repairs, occurring in physical property and suffered through current lessening of service value due to wear and tear from use and the action of time and the elements; and losses occurring through obsolescence, supersession, new technological developments, changes in popular demand and the requirements of public authority.

Non-operating property and equipment - (Include capital leases.)

Include the cost of all non-operating property and equipment, in other words, all property and equipment not included in the "operating" category above.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - non-operating property and equipment

Include accumulated depreciation and amortization of the non-operating property and equipment.

All other assets

Include long-term prepayments, developmental and pre-operating costs such as the cost of extraordinary training, unamortized discounts and expenses on the issue of long-term debt securities, property acquisition adjustments, other intangibles such as payments made for patents, copyrights, and so on, and other deferred charges.

Total assets

The sum of the assets above less the accumulated depreciation and amortization.

Liabilities and capital

Current liabilities

Include:

  • current accounts and traffic balances payable, including balances subject to current settlement and payable to associated companies and/or shareholders, and notes payable on demand or within one year from the date of the balance sheet;
  • the current portion of long-term debt and the current obligations under capital leases;
  • air traffic liabilities (unearned transportation revenue), which includes the value of passenger tickets sold but not used or refunded as of the date of the balance sheet, and pre-paid amounts for the transportation of baggage, freight and mail for which the transportation has not occurred as of the date of the balance sheet;
  • salaries and wages accrued and unpaid, taxes accrued and unpaid, dividends payable, deposits by subscribers on transportation contracts (air travel plan liabilities, in other words, deposits received under air travel plan contracts) and other current and accrued liabilities.

Advances from associated companies and/or shareholders

Include the net amount from associated companies and/or shareholders for notes, loans or advances which are not currently settled.

Long-term debt and other non-current liabilities - (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • the face value or principal amount of debt securities (for example, bonds, trust certificates, debentures, notes) issued and assumed by the air carrier and in the hands of others, which is not payable within twelve months of the balance sheet date;
  • long-term obligations under capital leases, which refers to the present value of unexpired contracts for the acquisition of aircraft under such lease arrangements.

Deferred income taxes

Include taxes that will be owed on income, but that have not yet been assessed.

All other liabilities

Include:

  • deferred credits which correspond to unamortized premiums on all classes of long-term debt, and other deferred credits such as securities issued or assumed by the air carrier, and other unadjusted accounts that cannot be cleared as of the date of the balance sheet;
  • provisions for major overhauls such as for flight equipment (in other words, liabilities of uncertain value or timing associated with the complete disassembly and inspection or repair of an aircraft, engine or other component of an aircraft) and other provisions such as liabilities of uncertain value or timing.

Shareholders' equity

Capital stock

Include the equity capital invested in a business through the purchase of various classes of common and preferred shares.

Retained earnings

Include the portion of after-tax profits left over, after dividends have been paid to shareholders, for reinvestment into the company. If this account is negative, then the amount indicated for this item should be shown with a negative (-) sign.

All other items

Include other paid-in capital and reserves. Other paid-in capital or contributed surplus includes the premiums or discounts that have resulted from selling stock, and stock received from donations. Reserves include any reserve fund such as reserve for self-insurance, reserve for pension, reserves against potential future losses, and so on. Also, include proprietorship or partnership accounts (balance year-end).

Total liabilities and capital

The sum of liabilities and capital plus the sum of shareholders' equity which should equal total assets.

For the reporting period ending, what were this business's assets and liabilities?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Example
  CAN$ '000
Financial assets  
a. Current assets  
b. All other financial assets
Include investments and special funds.
 
Property and equipment  
a. Operating - property and equipment
Include capital leases.
 
b. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
c. Non-operating property and equipment
Include capital leases.
 
d. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
e. All other assets  
Total assets  
Liabilities and capital  
a. Current liabilities  
b. Advances from associated companies and/or shareholders  
c. Long-term debt and other non-current liabilities
Include capital leases.
 
d. Deferred incomes taxes  
e. All other liabilities  
Shareholders' equity  
a. Capital stock  
b. Retained earnings  
c. All other items  
Total liabilities and capital  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what were the details of this business's operating revenue?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Scheduled services
Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Charter services
Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.
Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.
Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (A complete list of activities which are specialty and therefore not subject to filing requirements as charter can be found in the Transport Canada document entitled "Starting a Commercial Air Service", TP 8880. This document can be found at TP 8880 - Starting A Commercial Air Service or at Starting a Commercial Air Service.)

Passenger revenue
Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on scheduled and charter services. Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, changing or cancelling flights, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities.

Goods revenue
Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on scheduled and charter services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST).

All other flight-related revenue
Refers to the revenue earned from air transport activities not included in passenger revenue or goods revenue. Include revenue from other flying services such as flying training, recreational flying and other specialty flying.

All other revenue
Include subsidies and revenue earned from all other sources (including contra revenue, revenue of a corporate nature (leasing revenue, third party ground-handling, and so on), ancillary passenger revenue not easily allocated by operating flight (customs brokerage, and so on), revenue from in-flight sales (beverages, food, entertainment and wireless Internet access, and so on)).

Total operating revenue
The sum of passenger revenue, goods revenue, other flight-related revenue and revenue from all other sources.

Example
  CAN$ '000
Operating revenue  
a. Scheduled services - passenger revenue
Include revenue from fees such as baggage, fuel, seat selection, etc.
 
b. Scheduled services - goods revenue  
c. Charter services - passenger revenue  
d. Charter services - goods revenue  
e. All other flight - related revenue
Include revenue from flying services such as flying training, recreational flying, etc.
 
f. All other revenue
Include subsidies and revenue earned from all other sources.
 
Total operating revenue  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

2. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what were the details of this business's operating expenses?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Operating expenses - Ground property and equipment maintenance

Employee wages, salaries and benefits
Direct labour costs (wages and salaries) expended on the maintenance of ground property and equipment.
Include benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

All other maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses
Expenses, both direct and indirect, incurred in the repair and upkeep of ground property and equipment.
Include materials and supplies, purchased repair services and all other related expenses.

Total maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses
The sum of the previous two expense items.

Operating expenses - Aircraft operations

Flight crew wages, salaries and benefits
Include the wages, salaries and benefits for flight crews (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, and so on).
Include benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals.

Aircraft fuel and oil
Expenses for turbo fuel, gasoline and all other fuel and oil consumed such as turbine oil and piston oil.
Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes.

Landing fees
Include airport landing fees paid both in Canada and outside of Canada.

Navigation fees
Charges remitted to NAV CANADA or other international suppliers for the provision of air navigation services. Air navigation services include aeronautical communication services, aeronautical information services, aeronautical radio navigation services, air traffic control services, aviation weather services, emergency assistance services and flight information services.

Aircraft insurance
Expenses for insurance against accidental damage to flight equipment while in flight or on the ground and for insurance against liability occurring from the operation of aircraft or, in the case of non-insurance, the resulting expenses for which the carrier is liable.

Aircraft rental
Expenses incurred for the rental of aircraft (and crew) from other carriers, such as in chartering, interchange and operating or lease agreements.

All other aircraft operation expenses
Expenses incurred directly for the in-flight operation and related standby time of aircraft which are not elsewhere classified.

Total aircraft operations expenses
The sum of the previous seven expense items.

Operating expenses - Flight equipment maintenance

Employee wages, salaries and benefits
Direct labour costs (wages and salaries) expended on the maintenance of flight equipment.
Include benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

Materials and supplies
Expenses on materials and supplies for the maintenance of flight equipment.

Purchased repair services
Expenses for repair services for the maintenance of flight equipment purchased from outside suppliers.

All other maintenance - flight equipment expenses
Expenses, both direct and indirect, incurred in the repair and upkeep of flight equipment.

Total maintenance - flight equipment expenses
The sum of the previous four expense items.

Operating expenses - In-flight services

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to cabin crews (flight attendants, and so on);
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals.

Passenger food and supplies
Include expenses for in-flight meals, complimentary drinks, and so on, and the cost of supplies and personal services furnished to passengers.

Passenger liability insurance
Include the premiums for passenger liability and accident insurance paid by the carrier.

All other in-flight service expenses
Include passenger-related expenses incurred due to interrupted flights, including hotels, meals, taxi fares and other expense items, the cost of other services provided to passengers, such as pay, allowances and the cost of passenger service personnel, and all other services provided for the comfort of passengers in transit.

Total in-flight service expenses
The sum of the previous four expense items.

Operating expenses - Aircraft and traffic servicing

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to ground personnel;
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

Purchased services
Expenses for aircraft and traffic servicing purchased from outside suppliers.

All other aircraft and traffic servicing expenses
Include expenses incurred on the ground for scheduling or preparing aircraft for arrival and takeoff, expenses incurred in enplaning and deplaning passenger and cargo traffic, and expenses involved in servicing and handling individual aircraft and traffic on the ground, in preparing aircraft crews for flight assignment, in controlling the in-flight movements of aircraft and the in-flight expenses of handling all traffic including baggage.

Total aircraft and traffic servicing expenses
The sum of the previous three expense items.

Operating expenses - Promotion and sales

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to all staff engaged in reservations, ticketing, sales and promotional activities;
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

All other promotion and sales expenses

Include:

  • passenger and cargo commission expenses;
  • the net commission payable to others for the sale of transportation on the reporting carrier's service less the commission receivable from the reporting carrier's sale of transportation on other carriers' services, advertising and publicity expenses and any related expenses, accommodation costs, agency fees for outside services, expenses associated with reservations, city ticket offices and other sales expenses.

Total promotion and sales expenses
The sum of the previous two expense items.

Operating expenses - Depreciation

Depreciation - flight equipment

Include:

  • provisions for the depreciation of flight equipment only;
  • all charges incurred in normal wear and tear on flight equipment which have not been replaced by current year repair, as well as losses in service ability.

All other depreciation

Include:

  • provisions for the depreciation of all non-flight ground and property equipment;
  • all charges incurred in normal wear and tear which have not been replaced by current year repair, as well as losses in service ability;
  • charges for the amortization of capitalized development and other intangible assets.

Total depreciation
The sum of the previous two expense items.

Operating expenses - All other expenses
Include general administration.

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to all employees performing the general and administrative functions of the air carrier;
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

Exclude all amounts reported in the previous six wages, salaries and benefits categories.

All other expenses

Include:

  • all operating expenses and general administration expenses not reported elsewhere;
  • expenses for general financial accounting activities, supplementary labour income, property taxes, building rentals, communications purchased, purchasing activities, representation at law, and all other operational administration expenses not directly applicable to a particular function that are not included in the previous operating expenses categories;
  • expenses such as incidental air transport-related expenses associated with revenue reported as "all other revenue";
  • all miscellaneous operating expenses not covered elsewhere;
  • staff reduction expenses.

Total other expenses
The sum of the previous two expense items.

Total operating expenses
The sum of the eight expenses sub-totals, in other words, Total maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses, Total aircraft operations expenses, and so on.

Example
  CAN$ '000
Operating expenses - Ground property and equipment maintenance  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. All other maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses  
Total maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses  
Operating expenses - Aircraft operations  
a. Flight crew wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Aircraft fuel and oil  
c. Landing fees  
d. Navigation fees  
e. Aircraft insurance  
f. Aircraft rental  
g. All other aircraft operations expenses  
Total aircraft operations expenses  
Operating expenses - Flight equipment maintenance  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Materials and supplies  
c. Purchased repair services  
d. All other maintenance - flight equipment expenses  
Total maintenance - flight equipment expenses  
Operating expenses - In-flight service  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Passenger food and supplies  
c. Passenger liability insurance  
d. All other in-flight service expenses
Include expenses incurred due to interrupted flights such as hotels, meals, etc.
 
Total in-flight service expenses  
Operating expenses - Aircraft and traffic servicing  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Purchased services  
c. All other aircraft and traffic servicing expenses  
Total aircraft and traffic servicing expenses  
Operating expenses - Promotion and sales  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. All other promotion and sales expenses  
Total promotion and sales expenses  
Operating expenses - Depreciation  
a. Depreciation - flight equipment  
b. All other depreciation
Include provisions for the depreciation of all non-flight ground and property equipment, etc.
 
Total depreciation  
Operating expenses - All other expenses
Include general administration.
 
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. All other expenses
Include all operating expenses and general administration expenses not reported elsewhere, expenses such as incidental air transport-related expenses, expenses for general financial accounting activities, supplementary labour income, property taxes, etc.
 
Total other expenses  
Total operating expenses  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

3. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what were the details of this business's operating and non-operating income?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Operating income

Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)
Total operating revenue less total operating expenses - calculated from the previous questions.

Non-operating income/expenses

Interest and discount income
Include interest income from all sources and cash discounts on the purchase of materials and supplies.

Interest expenses
Include interest on unpaid taxes and all classes of debt including premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term obligations, amortization of premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term and long-term obligations.

All other net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)

Include:

  • capital gains (or losses) from retiring operating property and equipment, aircraft equipment, expendable parts, miscellaneous materials and supplies and other assets, when they are sold or otherwise retired from service as part of a general program and not as incidental sales performed as a service to others;
  • gains or losses made on investments in securities;
  • net miscellaneous non-operating income or loss, which refers to revenue and expenses attributable to financing or other activities that are not an integral part of the air transportation activities undertaken by the carrier, or its incidental services. These could include dividend income, the balance of all income or losses from affiliated companies reimbursed to the carrier, foreign exchange adjustments and special items, such as restructuring expenses, which do not occur on a regular basis.

Exclude staff reduction expenses which should be included under all other expenses.

Net non-operating income (a loss should be a negative number)
The sum of the previous three income or expense items.

Provision for income taxes
Include the provision for taxes payable on net income for the accounting period and adjustments of income taxes relating to previous years, including provisions for deferred income taxes resulting from differences between accounting income and taxable income that arise when the time of including items of revenue and expense in the computation of accounting income and taxable income do not coincide. If the net amount is negative, then the amount indicated for this item should be shown with a negative (-) sign.

Net income (a loss should be a negative number)
Net operating income plus net non-operating income less the provision for income taxes.

Example
  CAN$ '000
Operating income  
a. Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)
Calculated from the previous questions as total operating revenue [$ amount] less total operating expenses [$ amount].
 
Non-operating income/expenses  
a. Interest and discount income  
b. Interest expenses  
c. All other net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)  
Net non-operating income (a loss should be a negative number)  
d. Provision for income taxes  
Net income (a loss should be a negative number)  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

4. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , please provide the details of this business's fuel consumption.

Fuel and oil consumed

Turbo fuel consumed
Include fuel used in both turboprop and jet aircraft.
Provide the quantity and expenses for turbo fuel consumed. Turbo fuel includes the turbine fuel uplifted for all aircraft in the carrier's fleet. Fuel uplift can be determined based on delivery notes or invoices, aircraft onboard measurement systems or, if the fuel was supplied by a customer, estimated based on hours flown. Report the quantity of turbo fuel consumed in litres.
Include turbo fuel consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for turbo fuel consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes. If the fuel was supplied by a customer, an approximate value may be provided based on prevailing market rates.

Conversion factor
To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

All other fuel and oil consumed
Provide the quantity and expenses for all non-turbo fuel and oil consumed. Report the quantity of all other fuel and oil consumed in litres.
The quantity should include gasoline, turbine oil, piston oil and all other types of fuel and oil consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for all other fuel and oil consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes.

Conversion factor
To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

Total fuel and oil consumed
The sum of the quantities and expenses reported in the previous two items.

Example
  Quantity -
Litres (L)
Expenses
CAN$ '000
Fuel and oil consumed    
a. Turbo fuel consumed (litres)
Include fuel used in both turbopop and jet aircraft.
   
b. All other fuel and oil consumed (litres)    
Total fuel and oil consumed (litres)    

5. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , please provide the details of this business's employment.

Employment

Average number of employees
Refer to the average number of people employed for each of the six categories of personnel. Include all employees, temporary or permanent, on the payroll of the air carrier during the reporting period. Include part-time employees, prorated to the amount of time worked when compared to full-time employees (for example, two part-time employees working half-time are equivalent to one full-time employee).

Wages and salaries expenses
Include a breakdown of the wages and salaries paid for each of the six categories of personnel.
Exclude all benefits, in other words, employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on or layover expenses, such as hotels and meals, for flight and cabin crews.

Employment category

Include:

  • Pilots and co-pilots. Self-explanatory;
  • Other flight personnel. Flight crew (including flight engineers, navigators, and so on) and cabin crew (including flight attendants, and so on);
  • General management and administration employees (including the personnel performing the general and administrative functions such as administrative personnel at headquarters, comptrollers and assistants, directors and assistants (operations, passenger service, public relations, sales), and so on);
  • Maintenance personnel (including the personnel performing the ground property and equipment maintenance such as the carpenters, cleaners, and so on and including the personnel performing the flight equipment maintenance such as the aircraft maintenance engineers and the inspectors of flight equipment);
  • Aircraft and traffic servicing personnel (including supervisory personnel, assigned to ground activities, engaged directly in protecting and controlling aircraft in flight (flight dispatch personnel, flight planning staff), in scheduling and preparing flight crews for flight assignment, in parking and servicing aircraft incidental to line operations and including baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and so on);
  • All other employees (including air ambulance attendants, accountants, economists, statisticians, lawyers, purchasing personnel, publicity representatives, and so on).

Total employees
The sum of the number and the wages and salaries expenses for the six categories of personnel.

Example
  Average number of employees Wages and salaries expenses
CAN$ '000
Employment    
a. Pilots and co-pilots    
b. Other flight personnel
Include flight engineers, navigators, flight attendants, etc.
   
c. General management and administration employees    
d. Maintenance personnel    
e. Aircraft and traffic servicing personnel
Include flight dispatch personnel, flight planning staff, aircraft fuelers, etc.
   
f. All other employees
Include air ambulance attendants, accountants, purchasing personnel, etc.
   
Total employees    

6. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , please provide the distribution of this business's revenue and expenses by area of operation.

Revenue or expenses by area of operation

Passenger revenue
Include a breakdown of the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the transportation service was provided. Total passenger revenue should equal the sum of passenger revenue from scheduled services and charter services previously reported.

Goods revenue
Include a breakdown of the revenue earned from the transportation of goods for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the transportation service was provided. Total goods revenue should equal the sum of goods revenue from scheduled services and charter services previously reported.

Employee wages and salaries
Include a breakdown of employee wages and salaries for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the employees are located. Total employee wages and salaries should equal the total wages and salaries expenses reported in the "Employment" section above.

Example
  Passenger revenue
CAN$ '000
Goods revenue
CAN$ '000
Employee wages and salaries
CAN$ '000
Area of operation      
a. Newfoundland and Labrador      
b. Prince Edward Island      
c. Nova Scotia      
d. New Brunswick      
e. Quebec      
f. Ontario      
g. Manitoba      
h. Saskatchewan      
i. Alberta      
j. British Columbia      
k. Yukon      
l. Northwest Territories      
m. Nunavut      
n. Outside Canada      
Total      

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other - Specify the other changes or events:
  • No changes or events

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is [Provided Given Names] , [Provided Family Name] the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

First name:

Last name:

Title:

Email address:

Telephone number (including area code):

Extension number (if applicable):
The maximum number of characters is 5.

Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

Hours:

Minutes:

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Why do we conduct this survey?

This survey collects financial data from the Canadian Level I air carriers needed to measure the growth, the performance and the long-term financial position of the airline industry. The information is also used by Statistics Canada as input to the Canadian System of National Accounts and by individual carriers for measuring company performance relative to groups of competitors.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce respondent burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data-sharing agreements under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Natural Resources Canada, Transport Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Under Section 12 of the Statistics Act, respondents can object to the sharing of information with other organizations. However, respondents do not have the right of refusal with respect to sharing the data with Transport Canada. Transport Canada has the legislative authority to collect and use this information pursuant to the Canada Transportation Act (CTA) and the Transportation Information Regulations.

Respondents may refuse to share their information with Natural Resources Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, and mailing it to the following address. These organizations have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes.

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at statcan.esd-helpdesk-dse-bureaudedepannage.statcan@canada.ca or by fax at 613-951-6583.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name and correct where needed.

Note: Legal name modifications should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal Name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting 'Not currently operational' and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating Name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name:
  • Operating name (if applicable):

2. Verify or provide the contact information of the designated business or organization contact person for this questionnaire and correct where needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Preferred language of communication:
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street):
  • City:
  • Province, territory or state:
  • Postal code or ZIP code:
  • Country:
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
    The maximum number of characters is 10.
  • Fax number (including area code):

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons for ceased operations
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but will re-open
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating due to other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the 'Answering this questionnaire' section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classifications; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity
    Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity:
    e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as: ?

  • Yes
    When did the main activity change?
    Date:
  • No

6. Search and select the industry classification code that best corresponds to this business or organization's main activity.

Select this business or organization's activity sector (optional)

  • Farming or logging operation
  • Construction company or general contractor
  • Manufacturer
  • Wholesaler
  • Retailer
  • Provider of passenger or freight transportation
  • Provider of investment, savings or insurance products
  • Real estate agency, real estate brokerage or leasing company
  • Provider of professional, scientific or technical services
  • Provider of health care or social services
  • Restaurant, bar, hotel, motel or other lodging establishment
  • Other sector

7. You have indicated that the current main activity of this business or organization is: Main activity. Are there any other activities that contribute significantly (at least 10%) to this business or organization's revenue?

  • Yes, there are other activities
    Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's secondary activity:
    e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development
  • No, that is the only significant activity

8. Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?

When precise figures are not available, provide your best estimates.

Approximately what percentage of this business or organization's revenue is generated by each of the following activities?
  Percentage of revenue
Main activity  
Secondary activity  
All other activities  
Total percentage  

Reporting period information

1. What are the start and end dates of this business's or organization's most recently completed fiscal year?

For this survey, the end date should fall between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021.

Here are twelve common fiscal periods that fall within the targeted dates:

  • May 1, 2019 to April 30, 2020
  • June 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020
  • July 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020
  • August 1, 2019 to July 31, 2020
  • September 1, 2019 to August 31, 2020
  • October 1, 2019 to September 30, 2020
  • November 1, 2019 to October 31, 2020
  • December 1, 2019 to November 30, 2020
  • January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020
  • February 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021
  • March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021
  • April 1, 2020 to March 31, 2021.

Here are other examples of fiscal periods that fall within the required dates:

  • September 18, 2019 to September 15, 2020 ( e.g., floating year-end)
  • June 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 ( e.g., a newly opened business).

Fiscal year start date:

Fiscal year-end date:

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover a full year?

Select all that apply.

  • Seasonal operations
  • New business
  • Change of ownership
  • Temporarily inactive
  • Change of fiscal year
  • Ceased operations
  • Other
    Specify reason the reporting period does not cover a full year:

Balance Sheet, Annual - Statement 20 (I)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's assets and liabilities?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Financial assets

Current assets

Include:

  • cash, bank balances (including deposits in transit, special deposits for the payments of debts, and so on) and short-term investments due within one year from the date of the balance sheet;
  • current accounts and notes receivable as well as other current assets such as inventories, charges to subscribers on transportation contracts, interests and dividends receivable, and so on.

All other financial assets - (Include investments and special funds.)

Include investments in associated companies, other investments such as investments in stocks, bonds, and so on, and special funds such as equipment purchase funds, funds set aside for such special purposes as contractual deposits, pension funds, self-insurance funds, and so on.

Property and equipment

Operating - flight equipment - (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • flight equipment owned and/or under capital leases;
  • the cost of aircraft (airframes), aircraft engines, propellers, components (aircraft communication and navigational equipment) and spare parts that have been purchased outright. Flight equipment under capital leases includes the cost of flight equipment acquired under a capital or finance lease, in other words, a lease for a period considered to be the whole or nearly the whole life of the aircraft.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - flight equipment

Include:

  • accumulated depreciation and amortization of flight equipment owned and/or under capital leases;
  • accrued charges representing losses, not replaced by current repairs, occurring in physical property and suffered through current lessening of service value due to wear and tear from use and the action of time and the elements; and losses occurring through obsolescence, supersession, new technological developments, changes in popular demand and the requirements of public authority.

Operating - ground property and equipment - (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • ground property and equipment owned and/or under capital leases;
  • the cost of non-airborne communication and meteorological equipment, ramp equipment, maintenance and engineering equipment, surface transport vehicles and equipment, furniture, fixtures and office equipment, buildings and land as well as miscellaneous ground equipment such as medical equipment, airport and lighting equipment, passenger service equipment, hotel, restaurant and food service equipment, storage and distribution equipment. Ground property and equipment under capital leases includes the cost of ground property and equipment under a capital or finance lease, in other words, a lease for a period considered to be the whole or nearly the whole life of the property or equipment.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - ground property and equipment

Include:

  • accumulated depreciation and amortization of ground property and equipment owned and/or under capital leases;
  • accrued charges representing losses, not replaced by current repairs, occurring in physical property and suffered through current lessening of service value due to wear and tear from use and the action of time and the elements; and losses occurring through obsolescence, supersession, new technological developments, changes in popular demand and the requirements of public authority.

Non-operating property and equipment - (Include capital leases.)

Include the cost of all non-operating property and equipment, in other words, all property and equipment not included in the "operating" categories above.

Accumulated depreciation and amortization - non-operating property and equipment

Include accumulated depreciation and amortization of the non-operating property and equipment.

All other assets

Include long-term prepayments, developmental and pre-operating costs such as the cost of extraordinary training, unamortized discounts and expenses on the issue of long-term debt securities, property acquisition adjustments, other intangibles such as payments made for patents, copyrights, and so on, and other deferred charges.

Total assets

The sum of the assets above less the accumulated depreciation and amortization.

Liabilities and capital

Current liabilities

Include:

  • current accounts and traffic balances payable, including balances subject to current settlement and payable to associated companies and/or shareholders, and notes payable on demand or within one year from the date of the balance sheet;
  • the current portion of long-term debt and the current obligations under capital leases;
  • air traffic liabilities (unearned transportation revenue), which includes the value of passenger tickets sold but not used or refunded as of the date of the balance sheet, and pre-paid amounts for the transportation of baggage, freight and mail for which the transportation has not occurred as of the date of the balance sheet;
  • salaries and wages accrued and unpaid, taxes accrued and unpaid, dividends payable, deposits by subscribers on transportation contracts (air travel plan liabilities, in other words, deposits received under air travel plan contracts) and other current and accrued liabilities.

Advances from associated companies and/or shareholders

Include the net amount from associated companies and/or shareholders for notes, loans or advances which are not currently settled.

Long-term debt and other non-current liabilities - (Include capital leases.)

Include:

  • the face value or principal amount of debt securities (for example, bonds, trust certificates, debentures, notes) issued and assumed by the air carrier and in the hands of others, which is not payable within twelve months of the balance sheet date;
  • long-term obligations under capital leases, which refers to the present value of unexpired contracts for the acquisition of aircraft under such lease arrangements.

Deferred income taxes

Include taxes that will be owed on income, but that have not yet been assessed.

All other liabilities

Include:

  • deferred credits which correspond to unamortized premiums on all classes of long-term debt, and other deferred credits such as securities issued or assumed by the air carrier, and other unadjusted accounts that cannot be cleared as of the date of the balance sheet;
  • provisions for major overhauls such as for flight equipment (in other words, liabilities of uncertain value or timing associated with the complete disassembly and inspection or repair of an aircraft, engine or other component of an aircraft) and other provisions such as liabilities of uncertain value or timing.

Shareholders' equity

Capital stock

Include the equity capital invested in a business through the purchase of various classes of common and preferred shares.

Retained earnings

Include the portion of after-tax profits left over, after dividends have been paid to shareholders, for reinvestment into the company. If this account is negative, then the amount indicated for this item should be shown with a negative (-) sign.

All other items

Include other paid-in capital and reserves. Other paid-in capital or contributed surplus includes the premiums or discounts that have resulted from selling stock, and stock received from donations. Reserves include any reserve fund such as reserve for self-insurance, reserve for pension, reserves against potential future losses, and so on. Also, include proprietorship or partnership accounts (balance year-end).

Total liabilities and capital

The sum of liabilities and capital plus the sum of shareholders' equity which should equal total assets.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were this business's assets and liabilities?
  CAN$ '000
Financial assets  
a. Current assets  
b. All other financial assets
Include investments and special funds.
 
Property and equipment  
a. Operating - flight equipment
Include capital leases.
 
b. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
c. Operating - ground property and equipment
Include capital leases.
 
d. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
e. Non-operating property and equipment
Include capital leases.
 
f. Less accumulated depreciation and amortization  
g. All other assets  
Total assets  
Liabilities and capital  
a. Current liabilities  
b. Advances from associated companies and/or shareholders  
c. Long-term debt and other non-current liabilities
Include capital leases.
 
d. Deferred incomes taxes  
e. All other liabilities  
Shareholders' equity  
a. Capital stock  
b. Retained earnings  
c. All other items  
Total liabilities and capital  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

1. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what were the details of this business's operating revenue?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Scheduled services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Charter services

Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.

Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.

Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. (A complete list of activities which are specialty and therefore not subject to filing requirements as charter can be found in the Transport Canada document entitled "Starting a Commercial Air Service", TP 8880.)

Passenger revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers on scheduled and charter services.

Include revenue from all surcharges (baggage, fuel, seat selection, changing or cancelling flights, and so on) that are retained by the air carrier. Exclude amounts such as taxes, navigation fees, security fees, and so on that are collected but passed on to other entities.

Goods revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from the transportation of goods on scheduled and charter services. Exclude taxes such as the Goods and Services Tax (GST), Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) or Provincial Sales Tax (PST).

All other flight-related revenue

Refers to the revenue earned from air transport activities not included in passenger revenue or goods revenue. Include revenue from other flying services such as flying training, recreational flying and other specialty flying.

All other revenue

Include subsidies and revenue earned from all other sources (including contra revenue, revenue of a corporate nature (leasing revenue, third party ground-handling, and so on), ancillary passenger revenue not easily allocated by operating flight (customs brokerage, and so on), revenue from in-flight sales (beverages, food, entertainment and wireless Internet access, and so on)).

Total operating revenue

The sum of passenger revenue, goods revenue, other flight-related revenue and revenue from all other sources.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD , what were the details of this business's operating revenue?
  CAN$ '000
Operating revenue  
a. Scheduled services - passenger revenue
Include revenue from fees such as baggage, fuel, seat selection, etc.
 
b. Scheduled services - goods revenue  
c. Charter services - passenger revenue  
d. Charter services - goods revenue  
e. All other flight - related revenue
Include revenue from flying services such as flying training, recreational flying, etc.
 
f. All other revenue
Include subsidies and revenue earned from all other sources.
 
Total operating revenue  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

2. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating expenses?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Operating expenses - Ground property and equipment maintenance

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Direct labour costs (wages and salaries) expended on the maintenance of ground property and equipment.

Include benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

All other maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses

Expenses, both direct and indirect, incurred in the repair and upkeep of ground property and equipment.

Include materials and supplies, purchased repair services and all other related expenses.

Total maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses

The sum of the previous two expense items.

Operating expenses - Aircraft operations

Flight crew wages, salaries and benefits

Include the wages, salaries and benefits for flight crews (pilot, co-pilot, navigator, and so on).

Include benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals.

Aircraft fuel and oil

Expenses for turbo fuel, gasoline and all other fuel and oil consumed such as turbine oil and piston oil.

Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes.

Landing fees

Include airport landing fees paid both in Canada and outside of Canada.

Navigation fees

Charges remitted to NAV CANADA or other international suppliers for the provision of air navigation services. Air navigation services include aeronautical communication services, aeronautical information services, aeronautical radio navigation services, air traffic control services, aviation weather services, emergency assistance services and flight information services.

Aircraft insurance

Expenses for insurance against accidental damage to flight equipment while in flight or on the ground and for insurance against liability occurring from the operation of aircraft or, in the case of non-insurance, the resulting expenses for which the carrier is liable.

Aircraft rental

Expenses incurred for the rental of aircraft (and crew) from other carriers, such as in chartering, interchange and operating or lease agreements.

All other aircraft operation expenses

Expenses incurred directly for the in-flight operation and related standby time of aircraft which are not elsewhere classified.

Total aircraft operations expenses

The sum of the previous seven expense items.

Operating expenses - Flight equipment maintenance

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Direct labour costs (wages and salaries) expended on the maintenance of flight equipment.

Include benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

Materials and supplies

Expenses on materials and supplies for the maintenance of flight equipment.

Purchased repair services

Expenses for repair services for the maintenance of flight equipment purchased from outside suppliers.

All other maintenance - flight equipment expenses

Expenses, both direct and indirect, incurred in the repair and upkeep of flight equipment.

Total maintenance - flight equipment expenses

The sum of the previous four expense items.

Operating expenses - In-flight services

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to cabin crews (flight attendants, and so on);
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on and layover expenses such as hotels and meals.

Passenger food and supplies

Include expenses for in-flight meals, complimentary drinks, and so on, and the cost of supplies and personal services furnished to passengers.

Passenger liability insurance

Include the premiums for passenger liability and accident insurance paid by the carrier.

All other in-flight service expenses

Include passenger-related expenses incurred due to interrupted flights, including hotels, meals, taxi fares and other expense items, the cost of other services provided to passengers, such as pay, allowances and the cost of passenger service personnel, and all other services provided for the comfort of passengers in transit.

Total in-flight service expenses

The sum of the previous four expense items.

Operating expenses - Aircraft and traffic servicing

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to ground personnel;
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

Purchased services

Expenses for aircraft and traffic servicing purchased from outside suppliers.

All other aircraft and traffic servicing expenses

Include expenses incurred on the ground for scheduling or preparing aircraft for arrival and takeoff, expenses incurred in enplaning and deplaning passenger and cargo traffic, and expenses involved in servicing and handling individual aircraft and traffic on the ground, in preparing aircraft crews for flight assignment, in controlling the in-flight movements of aircraft and the in-flight expenses of handling all traffic including baggage.

Total aircraft and traffic servicing expenses

The sum of the previous three expense items.

Operating expenses - Promotion and sales

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to all staff engaged in reservations, ticketing, sales and promotional activities;
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

All other promotion and sales expenses

Include:

  • passenger and cargo commission expenses;
  • the net commission payable to others for the sale of transportation on the reporting carrier's service less the commission receivable from the reporting carrier's sale of transportation on other carriers' services, advertising and publicity expenses and any related expenses, accommodation costs, agency fees for outside services, expenses associated with reservations, city ticket offices and other sales expenses.

Total promotion and sales expenses

The sum of the previous two expense items.

Operating expenses - Depreciation

Depreciation - flight equipment

Include:

  • provisions for the depreciation of flight equipment only;
  • all charges incurred in normal wear and tear on flight equipment which have not been replaced by current year repair, as well as losses in service ability.

All other depreciation

Include:

  • provisions for the depreciation of all non-flight ground and property equipment;
  • all charges incurred in normal wear and tear which have not been replaced by current year repair, as well as losses in service ability;
  • charges for the amortization of capitalized development and other intangible assets.

Total depreciation

The sum of the previous two expense items.

Operating expenses - All other expenses

Include general administration.

Employee wages, salaries and benefits

Include:

  • the wages, salaries and benefits paid to all employees performing the general and administrative functions of the air carrier;
  • benefits such as employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on.

Exclude all amounts reported in the previous six wages, salaries and benefits categories.

All other expenses

Include:

  • all operating expenses and general administration expenses not reported elsewhere;
  • expenses for general financial accounting activities, supplementary labour income, property taxes, building rentals, communications purchased, purchasing activities, representation at law, and all other operational administration expenses not directly applicable to a particular function that are not included in the previous operating expenses categories;
  • expenses such as incidental air transport-related expenses associated with revenue reported as "all other revenue";
  • all miscellaneous operating expenses not covered elsewhere;
  • staff reduction expenses.

Total other expenses

The sum of the previous two expense items.

Total operating expenses

The sum of the eight expenses sub-totals, in other words, Total maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses, Total aircraft operations expenses, and so on.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating expenses?
  CAN$ '000
Operating expenses - Ground property and equipment maintenance  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. All other maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses  
Total maintenance - ground property and equipment expenses  
Operating expenses - Aircraft operations  
a. Flight crew wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Aircraft fuel and oil  
c. Landing fees  
d. Navigation fees  
e. Aircraft insurance  
f. Aircraft rental  
g. All other aircraft operations expenses  
Total aircraft operations expenses  
Operating expenses - Flight equipment maintenance  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Materials and supplies  
c. Purchased repair services  
d. All other maintenance - flight equipment expenses  
Total maintenance - flight equipment expenses  
Operating expenses - In-flight service  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Passenger food and supplies  
c. Passenger liability insurance  
d. All other in-flight service expenses
Include expenses incurred due to interrupted flights such as hotels, meals, etc.
 
Total in-flight service expenses  
Operating expenses - Aircraft and traffic servicing  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. Purchased services  
c. All other aircraft and traffic servicing expenses  
Total aircraft and traffic servicing expenses  
Operating expenses - Promotion and sales  
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. All other promotion and sales expenses  
Total promotion and sales expenses  
Operating expenses - Depreciation  
a. Depreciation - flight equipment  
b. All other depreciation
Include provisions for the depreciation of all non-flight ground and property equipment, etc.
 
Total depreciation  
Operating expenses - All other expenses
Include general administration.
 
a. Employee wages, salaries and benefits  
b. All other expenses
Include all operating expenses and general administration expenses not reported elsewhere, expenses such as incidental air transport-related expenses, expenses for general financial accounting activities, supplementary labour income, property taxes, etc.
 
Total other expenses  
Total operating expenses  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

3. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating and non-operating income?

Report all amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Operating income

Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)

Total operating revenue less total operating expenses - calculated from the previous questions.

Non-operating income/expenses

Interest and discount income

Include interest income from all sources and cash discounts on the purchase of materials and supplies.

Interest expenses

Include interest on unpaid taxes and all classes of debt including premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term obligations, amortization of premiums, discounts and expenses on short-term and long-term obligations.

All other net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)

Include:

  • capital gains (or losses) from retiring operating property and equipment, aircraft equipment, expendable parts, miscellaneous materials and supplies and other assets, when they are sold or otherwise retired from service as part of a general program and not as incidental sales performed as a service to others;
  • gains or losses made on investments in securities;
  • net miscellaneous non-operating income or loss, which refers to revenue and expenses attributable to financing or other activities that are not an integral part of the air transportation activities undertaken by the carrier, or its incidental services. These could include dividend income, the balance of all income or losses from affiliated companies reimbursed to the carrier, foreign exchange adjustments and special items, such as restructuring expenses, which do not occur on a regular basis.

Exclude staff reduction expenses which should be included under all other expenses.

Net non-operating income (a loss should be a negative number)

The sum of the previous three income or expense items.

Provision for income taxes

Include the provision for taxes payable on net income for the accounting period and adjustments of income taxes relating to previous years, including provisions for deferred income taxes resulting from differences between accounting income and taxable income that arise when the time of including items of revenue and expense in the computation of accounting income and taxable income do not coincide. If the net amount is negative, then the amount indicated for this item should be shown with a negative (-) sign.

Net income (a loss should be a negative number)

Net operating income plus net non-operating income less the provision for income taxes.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, what were the details of this business's operating and non-operating income?
  CAN$ '000
Operating income  
a. Net operating income (a loss should be a negative number)
Calculated from the previous questions as total operating revenue [$ amount] less total operating expenses [$ amount].
 
Non-operating income/expenses  
a. Interest and discount income  
b. Interest expenses  
c. All other net non-operating income (enter a negative number for a loss)  
Net non-operating income (a loss should be a negative number)  
d. Provision for income taxes  
Net income (a loss should be a negative number)  

Statement of Revenues and Expenses, Annual - Statement 21 (I, II)

4. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's fuel consumption.

Fuel and oil consumed

Turbo fuel consumed

Include fuel used in both turboprop and jet aircraft.

Provide the quantity and expenses for turbo fuel consumed. Turbo fuel includes the turbine fuel uplifted for all aircraft in the carrier's fleet. Fuel uplift can be determined based on delivery notes or invoices, aircraft onboard measurement systems or, if the fuel was supplied by a customer, estimated based on hours flown. Report the quantity of turbo fuel consumed in litres.

Include turbo fuel consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for turbo fuel consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes. If the fuel was supplied by a customer, an approximate value may be provided based on prevailing market rates.

Conversion factor

To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

All other fuel and oil consumed

Provide the quantity and expenses for all non-turbo fuel and oil consumed. Report the quantity of all other fuel and oil consumed in litres.

The quantity should include gasoline, turbine oil, piston oil and all other types of fuel and oil consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. The expenses for all other fuel and oil consumed should be reported in Canadian dollars, regardless of where purchased. Include throughput charges, non-refundable duties and taxes.

Conversion factor

To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

Total fuel and oil consumed

The sum of the quantities and expenses reported in the previous two items.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's fuel consumption.
  Quantity -
Litres (L)
Expenses
CAN$ '000
Fuel and oil consumed    
a. Turbo fuel consumed (litres)
Include fuel used in both turbopop and jet aircraft.
   
b. All other fuel and oil consumed (litres)    
Total fuel and oil consumed (litres)    

5. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's employment.

Employment

Average number of employees

Refer to the average number of people employed for each of the six categories of personnel. Include all employees, temporary or permanent, on the payroll of the air carrier during the reporting period. Include part-time employees, prorated to the amount of time worked when compared to full-time employees (for example, two part-time employees working half-time are equivalent to one full-time employee).

Wages and salaries expenses

Include a breakdown of the wages and salaries paid for each of the six categories of personnel.
Exclude all benefits, in other words, employer contributions to pensions, medical benefits, insurance, and so on or layover expenses, such as hotels and meals, for flight and cabin crews.

Employment category

Include:

  • Pilots and co-pilots. Self-explanatory;
  • Other flight personnel. Flight crew (including flight engineers, navigators, and so on) and cabin crew (including flight attendants, and so on);
  • General management and administration employees (including the personnel performing the general and administrative functions such as administrative personnel at headquarters, comptrollers and assistants, directors and assistants (operations, passenger service, public relations, sales, and so on);
  • Maintenance personnel (including the personnel performing the ground property and equipment maintenance such as the carpenters, cleaners, and so on and including the personnel performing the flight equipment maintenance such as the aircraft maintenance engineers and the inspectors of flight equipment);
  • Aircraft and traffic servicing personnel (including supervisory personnel, assigned to ground activities, engaged directly in protecting and controlling aircraft in flight (flight dispatch personnel, flight planning staff), in scheduling and preparing flight crews for flight assignment, in parking and servicing aircraft incidental to line operations and including baggage handlers, aircraft fuelers, and so on);
  • All other employees (including air ambulance attendants, accountants, economists, statisticians, lawyers, purchasing personnel, publicity representatives, and so on).

Total employees

The sum of the number and the wages and salaries expenses for the six categories of personnel.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the details of this business's employment.
  Average number of employees Wages and salaries expenses
CAN$ '000
Employment    
a. Pilots and co-pilots    
b. Other flight personnel
Include flight engineers, navigators, flight attendants, etc.
   
c. General management and administration employees    
d. Maintenance personnel    
e. Aircraft and traffic servicing personnel
Include flight dispatch personnel, flight planning staff, aircraft fuelers, etc.
   
f. All other employees
Include air ambulance attendants, accountants, purchasing personnel, etc.
   
Total employees    

6. For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the distribution of this business's revenue and expenses by area of operation.

Revenue or expenses by area of operation

Passenger revenue

Include a breakdown of the revenue earned from the transportation of passengers for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the transportation service was provided. Total passenger revenue should equal the sum of passenger revenue from scheduled services and charter services previously reported.

Goods revenue

Include a breakdown of the revenue earned from the transportation of goods for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the transportation service was provided. Total goods revenue should equal the sum of goods revenue from scheduled services and charter services previously reported.

Employee wages and salaries

Include a breakdown of employee wages and salaries for each province, territory and outside of Canada based on where the employees are located. Total employee wages and salaries should equal the total wages and salaries expenses reported in the "Employment" section above.

For the reporting period ending YYYY-MM-DD, please provide the distribution of this business's revenue and expenses by area of operation.
  Passenger revenue
CAN$ '000
Goods revenue
CAN$ '000
Employee wages and salaries
CAN$ '000
Area of operation      
a. Newfoundland and Labrador      
b. Prince Edward Island      
c. Nova Scotia      
d. New Brunswick      
e. Quebec      
f. Ontario      
g. Manitoba      
h. Saskatchewan      
i. Alberta      
j. British Columbia      
k. Yukon      
l. Northwest Territories      
m. Nunavut      
n. Outside Canada      
Total      

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other
    Specify the other changes or events:
  • No changes or events

Contact person

1. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information. Is [Provided Given Names] , [Provided Family Name] the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name:
  • Last name:
  • Title:
  • Email address:
  • Telephone number (including area code):
  • Extension number (if applicable):
    The maximum number of characters is 5.
  • Fax number (including area code):

Feedback

1. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours:
  • Minutes:

2. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Machine learning: An introduction

Catalogue number: 892000062021004

Release date: May 3, 2021 Updated: December 30, 2021

This video is recommended for those who already have some familiarity with the concepts and techniques associated with computer programming and using algorithms to analyze data. One important distinction we will make in this video is the differences between Data Science, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning.

You'll learn what machine learning can be used for, how it works, and some different methods for doing it. And you'll also learn how to build and use machine learning processes responsibly.

Data journey step
Analyze, model
Data competency
  • Data exploration
  • Data gathering
  • Data interpretation
  • Data modeling
  • Evidence based decision-making
Audience
Intermediate
Suggested prerequisites
N/A
Length
14:11
Cost
Free

Watch the video

Machine learning: An introduction - Transcript

Machine learning: An introduction - Transcript

(The Statistics Canada symbol and Canada wordmark appear on screen with the title: "Machine learning: An introduction")

Machine learning: An introduction

Welcome to Machine Learning: An introduction. Here we'll explain the basic concepts of machine learning and include a framework for responsible machine learning processes.

Learning goals

This video is recommended for those who already have some familiarity with the concepts and techniques associated with computer programming and using algorithms to analyze data. One important distinction we'll make in this video is the difference between data science, artificial intelligence and machine learning. You'll learn what machine learning can be used for, how it works and some different methods for doing it. You'll also learn how to build and use machine learning processes responsibly.

Steps of a data journey

(Text on screen: Supported by a foundation of stewardship, metadata, standards and quality)

(Diagram of the Steps of the data journey: Step 1 - define, find, gather; Step 2 - explore, clean, describe; Step 3 - analyze, model; Step 4 - tell the story. The data journey is supported by a foundation of stewardship, metadata, standards and quality.)

This diagram is a visual representation of the data journey from collecting the data to exploring, cleaning, describing and understanding the data, to analyzing the data and lastly, to communicating with others the story the data tell.

Steps 1,2 & 3: Define, find, gather; Explore, clean and describre; Analyze and model

(Diagram of the Steps of the data journey with an emphasis on Step 1 - define, find, gather; Step 2 - explore, clean and describe; Step 3 - analyze and model)

Machine learning can be used at the find, gather and protect step in the data journey to search through data and find only the parts that are needed. It can also be used at the explorer clean and describe step in the data journey to reveal what's in the data. And finally, machine learning can be used at the analyze and model step in the data journey to find relationships between variables and predict outcomes or future events.

What is data science?

(Chart containing 3 intersecting circles in the middle. The circles of the orange, left green and right blue top represent the Domain Expertise, Computer Science and Mathematics, respectively. The intersection of orange-green, green-blue and blue-orange circles represent Data Processing, Machine Learning and Statistical Research, respectively. The intersection of the three circles represents the Data Science.)

First, what is data science exactly? It's the intersection of three things: expertise in a particular domain, computer programming skills, and mathematics and statistics. Data scientists, computer scientists, statisticians and other types of scientists can all use machine learning in their work. Data science techniques such as artificial intelligence and machine learning are used to solve analytically complex problems.

What are artificial intelligence and machine learning?

Artificial intelligence, or A.I., is an area of study within the field of computer science dedicated to solving problems commonly associated with human intelligence, such as memory, problem solving and pattern recognition. One example of A.I. Would be a computer which has been programmed to recognize all possible sequences of moves in order to play the game of chess. Machine learning, or M.L., on the other hand, is a subset of A.I. where the computer learns without having been programmed for specific tasks. Instead of having lines of code telling the computer exactly what to do, in machine learning, the computer learns patterns in data and applies those patterns to predict an outcome. So when playing chess, a computer is not randomly choosing a move after assessing all possible options, but rather it's using data gathered from millions of previously played games not just to ensure that its move is valid, but to ensure the sequence is most likely to result in a win.

Why use machine learning?

Machine learning is a tool that allows for the development, adjustment and fine tuning of complex models in order to make more accurate predictions using high volumes of data. Think of it like a human brain: as it receives more data, the model improves and can draw better conclusions, leading to stronger predictions. Machine learning is also used to automate repetitive and tedious tasks that would otherwise take many hours to complete, such as sorting and categorizing online news articles.

How machine learning algorithms "learn"

Two ways that machine learning algorithms learn to predict an outcome are supervised and unsupervised learning. In supervised learning, we give the algorithm a mapping of inputs to the desired outcomes. The algorithm tries to figure out the relationship between them, so that for subsequent inputs, it can predict outcomes following the same logic as in the original mapping. An important requirement in supervised learning is to have data where both the inputs and the outcomes are known. This is called labeled data. In unsupervised learning, we don't have data with the inputs and desired outcomes. Here, the algorithm looks for similarities and patterns in the data and tries to determine a strategy for categorizing the inputs. The algorithm will apply the same strategy to categorize subsequent inputs. We'll see an example of each of these on the next two slides.

Supervised learning: Determining crop type on satellite images

(satellite image of a farm area containing farms)

Here we see an example of using supervised machine learning to predict crop type in satellite images. On the right hand side, you see an actual satellite image of farmers fields. This is the input. The first step is to identify what portions in the image are crops versus something else, such as roads, water, fences or trees, and then to identify each different type of crop. These are the outcomes. This first step has to be done by a person. The second step is to create a machine learning algorithm that reads in the satellite image and the correct label for what's in every spot of the image. From this, the algorithm learns to identify crops by how they appear on the image. For example, by the color and density in the image. Finally, the algorithm reads an image it's never seen before and tries to predict which crops are there, based on what it learned in the second step.

unsupervised learning: Detecting credit card fraud

In this example, we see how an unsupervised machine learning algorithm can be used to sort out fraudulent transactions from all the legitimate ones. As a first step, all transactions, for a period of time, are passed through the algorithm. The algorithm looks at many different attributes of each transaction, such as the date, the amount, the location, type of store and type of product or service that was purchased. Then the algorithm is asked to sort the transactions into groups. In this case, we believe that fraud is a rare event, so we would expect a very small percentage of transactions to be separated out from the rest. Remember, in unsupervised learning, we don't know in advance which transactions are legitimate and which are fraudulent. The next few slides will introduce you to some machine learning methods. We don't cover all of them here in this short video.

Machine learning methods: Image processing

One machine learning method is image processing. We already saw how this works in the satellite image and crop type example. This method is used to extract information from images, find patterns, segment an image or compress an image, so it takes up less storage space.

Machine learning methods: Natural language processing

Natural language processing is a method of translating between computer and human languages. The goal of natural language processing is to get a computer to read a line of text and understand the meaning, just as a person would. An example is a chatbot. It expects people to type "how do I" or "I can't find" followed by keywords that refer to things one should be able to do or find on that particular website and then it provides the appropriate response. With each interaction the chatbot has, it learns to be more and more sophisticated in how it interprets what people type and how it phrases its responses.

Machine learning methods: Sentiment analysis

Sentiment analysis is a machine learning method that interprets the emotions within text to measure the inclination of people's opinions, whether they're positive, negative or neutral. An example is reading and interpreting people's sentiments from reviews of dining experiences in restaurants.

Machine learning methods: Deep learning

Have you ever been shown an image and it's all fuzzy and you're supposed to guess what it is? Then gradually the resolution gets better and better. So first, you know, it's a person and then you see, oh, it's a woman, and then you recognize the unique physical characteristics that differentiate your sister from a stranger, even if they have the same height, hair and eye color. That's how deep learning works. The algorithm makes many passes over the same data, gaining precision each time until it can predict what the image actually is. It works using structures of interconnected nodes that imitate the workings of a human brain. An example of deep learning is self-driving cars. The onboard cameras are constantly feeding deep learning algorithms in the car's computer that analyze and interpret the images of its surroundings and adjust the speed and direction of travel so as to avoid collisions.

Building a responsible ML process

Machine learning processes are typically developed using open source code and code written in house. All machine learning processes should meet certain quality standards no matter who develops them or what purpose they're used for. Quality standards include the following aspects: Rigorous - in terms of the scientific methods used and the testing they go through. Responsible - in terms of how they're used and what they're used for. Trustworthy - in terms of sound implementation. Ethical - both in terms of the data and the algorithms themselves. To ensure that machine learning processes at Statistics Canada meet these expectations, we've developed a framework for responsible machine learning processes.

Framework for responsible machine learning

(Text: Assessed through self-evaluation and peer review, using a checklist and producing a report or dashboard)

(Circular diagram on the ethics of responsible machine learning. In a clockwise direction, beginning in the upper left, is titled: Respect for people; Sound application; Sound methods; Respect for data)

This is a visual representation of the framework for responsible machine learning processes at Statistics Canada. The framework is built on four themes: Respect for people, Respect for data, Sound application and Sound methods. Each theme has several attributes.

Framework for responsible machine learning

(Text: Trustworthy insight from responsible machine learning processes)

Let's go through the themes one by one. A machine learning process ensures respect for people by ensuring there's no bias or discrimination in the learning data. Everyone is treated fairly. A machine learning process that ensures respect for data is one that protects privacy of people and businesses, ensures security of data through all processing steps, and protects confidential information to prevent disclosure. A machine learning process that has sound application is one that ensures transparency and reproducibility of both the process and the results. A machine learning process that has sound methods is one whose methods are compliant with quality guidelines and uses appropriate metrics to measure accuracy and performance.

How to use ML processes responsibly

It's not enough to simply build responsible machine learning processes, they also have to be used responsibly. This means monitoring performance metrics through time. There could be evolution in the data processed by the algorithm, so it's important to monitor performance and retune the algorithm when necessary. There should be human oversight and accountability at all steps. People are ultimately responsible for all predictions and decisions that are the output of a machine learning algorithm. For all systems that use machine learning processes and most importantly, for those that directly support or make administrative decisions, it's essential to implement and enforce protocols on their use. For machine learning processes in the government of Canada, this means ensuring compliance with the directive on automated decision making from the Treasury Board Secretariat.

Recap of key points

In this video, you learned that data science is the intersection of subject matter expertise, computer programming, mathematics and statistics. Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that focuses on teaching computers how to learn without the need to be programmed for specific tasks. Supervised and unsupervised are two types of machine learning used to predict an outcome. And we also presented a framework for how to build and use machine learning algorithms responsibly.

Further learning

You can find Statistics Canada's framework for responsible machine learning in the Data Literacy Initiative Learning Catalog, where you found this video. If you want to learn more about the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the government of Canada, enter "Treasury Board Secretariat Directive on automated decision making" in the search field of your favorite browser.

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Statistics 101: Proportions, ratios and rates

Catalogue number: 892000062021003

Release date: May 3, 2021 Updated: December 1, 2021

This video is intended for viewers who wish to gain a basic understanding of three types of measures: proportions, ratios, and rates. No previous knowledge is required. Although proportions, ratios and rates are similar to each other, they each have different properties.

In this video, you will learn the differences between these three measures. In addition, by the end of the video, you will be able to answer the following question: How is each one calculated, and when is it best to use one rather than the other?

Data journey step
Analyze, model
Data competency
  • Data exploration
  • Data interpretation
Audience
Basic
Suggested prerequisites
N/A
Length
13:16
Cost
Free

Watch the video

Statistics 101: Proportions, ratios and rates - Transcript

Statistics 101: Proportions, ratios and rates - Transcript

(The Statistics Canada symbol and Canada wordmark appear on screen with the title: "Statistics 101 Proportions, ratios, and rates")

Statistics 101: Proportions, ratios, and rates

Often the easiest way to tell a data story is to simply compare one given number with another. When we hear "75 percent of people think this or two thirds of companies do that", what we are hearing are the results of analyzing a given set of data, and three helpful measures for doing so are proportions, ratios and rates. All of these measures are easy to calculate, use and understand. This video will introduce you to the concepts of proportions, ratios and rates and the differences between them.

Learning goals

This video is intended for viewers who wish to gain a basic understanding of three types of measures: proportions, ratios and rates. No previous knowledge is required. Although proportions, ratios and rates are similar to each other, they each have different properties. In this video, you will learn the differences between these three measures. In addition, by the end of this video, you will be able to answer the following questions. How is each one calculated, and when is it best to use one rather than the other?

Steps of a data journey

(Text on screen: Supported by a foundation of stewardship, metadata, standards and quality)

(Diagram of the Steps of the data journey: Step 1 - define, find, gather; Step 2 - explore, clean, describe; Step 3 - analyze, model; Step 4 - tell the story. The data journey is supported by a foundation of stewardship, metadata, standards and quality.)

This diagram is a visual representation of the data journey, from collecting the data to exploring, cleaning, describing and understanding the data, to analyzing the data and lastly, to communicating with others the story the data tell.

Step 2: Explore, clean and describe

(Diagram of the Steps of the data journey with an emphasis on Step 2 - explore, clean, describe.)

In the data journey, the use of proportions, ratios and rates are part of the explore, clean and describe step and are also used to analyze and model.

What is a proportion?

Let's start with proportions. A proportion is a part, share or a number considered in comparative relation to a whole. The smallest value for a proportion is zero or the largest possible value is one. A proportion can be expressed as a percentage by multiplying its value by one hundred. Proportions are useful when you want to compare a number to a total. For example, in an audience of 50 people, five are left handed. This can be expressed as a proportion by dividing five by fifty, for a result of 0.10 to ten percent by multiplying 0.1 by 100.

Proportions: An example

Imagine you have a standard deck of 52 playing cards. The deck contains 13 cards of each suit: diamonds, hearts, clubs and spades. For the sake of this example, we will assume that there are no jokers or any extra cards. What is the proportion of diamonds in the deck? To calculate this proportion, we should first count the number of diamond cards. There are 13. Then, we would divide this number by the total number of cards in the deck, which is 52. This gives us a proportion of 0.25. Expressed as a percentage, the answer is 25 percent.

What is a ratio?

Now, let's move on to ratios. A ratio tells us the relative size of two values. The difference between proportion and a ratio is that with ratios, you have more freedom to compare. The notation is also different. While ratios can be expressed as numbers or percentages, they are most commonly expressed with a colon. Placing a colon in between the numbers two and one for example, should be read as "a ratio of two to one". This means that the first value is twice as large as the second value. A ratio of three to two, meanwhile, means that, for every three of the first item, there are two of the second item. A good example of this can be observed if you ever tried to cook rice. Depending on the rice, the instructions might say "two parts water to one part rice", and what that means is that it doesn't matter if you're trying to cook rice for 2 people or 20 people, just knowing the ratio of 2:1 water to rice means that whatever volume of rice you have, double it to get the amount of water and you have the right amounts to start cooking.

Another difference between proportion and ratio, is that any ratio, you can choose which quantity is used as a reference. Instead of counting two parts of water for every part of rice, you could choose to express it as one part of rice for every two parts of water. It is often easier to express the biggest quantity as a relative size of the smallest, but in some context, the alternative can be preferable. Finally, the ratio is often expressed. In the simplest terms. A ratio of 4:2 is better understood if it is being expressed as 2:1.

Ratios: an example

Let's return to our playing card example. What is the ratio of diamonds to hearts? To calculate this ratio, we should first count the number of diamonds. From a previous question, we know that this number is 13. Next, let's count the second part of our ratio, which is the number of hearts. The number of hearts is equal to the number of diamonds, which is again 13. Expressed as a ratio. We have 13 to 13. However, this ratio can be simplified by dividing both sides by the same number. Here, both sides can be divided by 13, which gives us a ratio of one to one. This means that, for every diamond card in the deck, there is one heart card.

Knowledge check

Let's see if you can calculate proportions and ratios. First, what proportions of the deck is made up of queen's? Pause the video here and restart once you think you have the answer.

4 out of the 52 cards are queens. The proportion of queens in a deck is about 0.08 or 8%.

Knowledge check

Now, what is the ratio of face cards to non face cards in the deck? Pause the video now to work it out and restart once you are ready to see the full answer.

There are 4 suits, diamonds, spades, clubs and hearts. In each suit, there are 3 different types of face cards, jacks, queens and kings and 10 different types of non face cards. 4 times 3 is 12, so there are 12 face cards in the deck.4 times 10 is 40, so there are 40 non-face cards in the deck. Meaning, the ratio of face cards to non-face cards is 12:40, or more simply, for every 3 face cards, there are 10 non-face cards.

What is a rate?

Let's move on to rates. The simplest definition of a rate is that it is one quantity divided by another quantity. With that definition, both proportions and ratios could qualify as being rates. So what is the difference between rates and the other two measures? Proportions and ratios are commonly used to compare quantities that have the same unit of measurement. In the deck of cards for example, both quantities that are compared are counts representing number of cards. In a rate, the two quantities that are compared often have different units of measurements. For instance, speed is a rate: it is the distance traveled (in kilometers for instance) divided by the time it took to travel that distance (in hours). The rate would have kilometers per hour as a unit of measurement.

Calculating rates: Growth rate

(Histogram demonstrating the amount in savings account ($) on January 1st, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Respectively, the amounts are $800; $1,200 & $900)

One type of rate that is particularly useful is a growth rate. A growth rate compares the change in a measurement over a period of time to the values of the measurement at the start of the period. It is very useful to assess change over time. This figure represents the amount of money available in a savings account at the start of the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. Suppose you wanted to evaluate the change in the savings account during the year 2018. What would you do?

To calculate the growth rate of the amount of money in your savings account, first you would calculate the change that occurred during the year. You do this by taking the amount of money saved at the start of 2019, which was $1,200 , and subtracting the amount that was in the account at the start of 2018, which was $800. The difference is $400. Then, you divide this difference by the amount in the account at the start of 2018. In this case this means you would divide $400 by $800. The result is 0.5. This growth rate can then be multiplied by 100 if you want to express it as a percentage. This gives you 50%. Meaning, during 2018, the amount in your savings account increased by half the value of what you contained at the beginning of the year.

Knowledge check

(Histogram demonstrating the amount in savings account ($) on January 1st, 2018, 2019 and 2020. Respectively, the amounts are $800; $1,200 & $900)

Now it's your turn. What was the growth rate of the amount in the savings account during year 2019, that is, between January 1st, 2019 and January 1st, 2020? Pause the video now and restart when you are ready to see the full answer.

The answer is negative 0.25 or -25%, and here's why. First, we took the amount of money in the account at the start of 2020, which was $900, and subtracted the amount from the start of 2019, which was $1,200. This gave us a negative number of -$300. Then we divide that difference by the amount of the start of 2019, $1,200. Which resulted in a growth rate of -0.25 or -25%. The negative growth rate means that the amount of money in the savings account decreased in 2019. One quarter, or 25% of the initial value was lost during the year.

Comparison of proportions, ratios and rates

(Table containing the definitions of each 3 measure. The columns, from left to right, are titled as follows: Measure | Description | Conditions | Notations | Examples in Official Statistics. From the first to last line: Proportion | Part, share or number considered in comparative relation to a whole | 0, 1, or any value between 0 and 1 | Number or percentage | Proportion of Canadian population living BC; Ratio | The relative sizes of two values | Positive numbers (any value) | A:B (a ratio of A to B) or a number | Gender wage ratio; Rate | One quantity divided by another | None (negative values are allowed) | Number or percentage | Annual population growth rate)

Let's review the three measures we've covered. A proportion is a part, share or number considered in comparative relation to a whole. It can be equal to 0, 1 or any value between 0 and 1. It can be expressed as a number or percentage. One example in official statistics would be the proportion of the Canadian population who lives in a given province. A ratio is the relative size of two values. It can be used to compare two parts to another. Ratios can be made up of any positive values and are commonly expressed as two numbers separated by colon, or by a single number. An example in official statistics is the gender wage ratio, which compares earnings by gender. Finally, a rate is a more general measure in which one quantity is divided by another quantity, where both quantities don't necessarily need to have the same unit of measure. It can be equal to any value, including negative numbers. Like proportions, and it can be expressed as a number or a percentage. A well-known example is the annual population growth rate.

Knowledge check

(Table containing the population estimates, on July 1, of females and males in the canadian population between 2018-2020 in millions of people. Female : 18.7 (2018); 18.9 (2019); 19.1 (2020). Male : 18.4 (2018); 18.7 (2019); 18.9 (2020). Total : 37.1 (2018); 37.6 (2019); 38.0 (2020))

In the following slides, we will go through some example of proportions, ratios and rates from real data. Table 1 presents the demographic estimates in the middle of the year by sex for the years of 2018 and 2020. What proportion of the Canadian population was male in 2019? To find the answer, you would have to divide the number of males (18.7 million) by the total population (37.6 million). This gives us our answer: the proportion of males in the Canadian population in mid-2019 was 0.497. Multiplying by 100 will give the answer as a percentage 49.7 percent.

Now try to calculate the sex ratio, or the ratio of males to females, in the Canadian population in 2019. Pause the video and give it a try now. Looking at this table, we would say that the ratio is 18.7 million males for every 18.9 million females. However, this sounds confusing. There must be a better way to report this information! Instead, let's try expressing the ratio as a decimal number by dividing the number of males by the number of females. This gives us an answer of 0.99. In other words, in July 2019, there were 0.99 males for every female in the Canadian population. This would help your audience to understand that there were fewer males and females in the Canadian population. As well, given that this ratio is close to one, we can conclude that the gap between the number of males and females is small.

Finally, let's return to the same table to calculate the growth rate in the Canadian population between 2018 and 2019. First, you would calculate the difference in population between the two years, and then divide the difference by the population size in the earlier year, which in this case, is 2018. Multiplying this answer by 100 allows us to express this rate as a percentage. Here, we get a growth rate of 1.30%. Since the growth rate is positive, we can conclude that the Canadian population increased from 2018 to 2019.

Did you know? Rates can be used to predict the future!

(Table containing the population estimates, on July 1, of females and males in the canadian population between 2018-2020 in millions of people, as was shown in the previous slide. Female : 18.7 (2018); 18.9 (2019); 19.1 (2020). Male : 18.4 (2018); 18.7 (2019); 18.9 (2020). Total : 37.1 (2018); 37.6 (2019); 38.0 (2020))

Did you know that rates can also be used to predict the future? We can see in table 1 that the size of the Canadian population was 38 million in 2020, but if the data were not available yet, how would we be able to predict it from the 2018 and 2019 population estimates? A quick and simple way to do that would be to assume that the growth rate between 2019 and 2020 would be the same as the growth rate between 2018 and 2019. Then we would apply this rate to the 2019 population to calculate the growth rate, and add it to the 2019 population. As we saw earlier, the growth rate between 2018 and 2019 was 1.30%. Multiplying this rate by the 2019 population, 37.6 million, we get 0.5 million. This represents the predicted growth by mid-2020. Then, adding this number to the 2019 population, 37.6 million, we get 38.1 million. How did we do? The result, 38.1, is slightly larger than the real estimate of 38 million. This means that the actual growth rate between 2019 and 2020 ended up being smaller than it was in the previous year. Still, our prediction was very close.

Recap of key points

Let's recap the key points that we covered in this video. Proportions, ratios and rates are all useful for comparing numbers and can appear to be quite similar. However, a proportion is a part, share or number considered in comparative relation to a whole, while the ratio is the relative size of two values. A rate is the quantity that is divided by another quantity and all three measure have different properties. It is also interesting to note that rates ,such as the growth rates, can be useful in making predictions about the future.

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