As of March 31, 2025, total stocks of wheat, canola, oats, corn and barley were all down, while stocks of soybeans increased, compared with the same period in 2024.
Wheat
Total wheat stocks were down 1.2% year over year to 15.4 million tonnes as of March 31, 2025. On-farm stocks fell 7.6% to 11.3 million tonnes, while commercial stocks increased 22.6% to 4.1 million tonnes.
Off-farm wheat deliveries rose 6.6% to 24.9 million tonnes. Exports increased 9.1% to 18.3 million tonnes. Higher wheat exports were driven by durum wheat (+56.1% to 3.7 million tonnes), which rebounded after lower-than-average exports in 2024. Higher exports of durum wheat were led by higher supply which rose 34.6% to 6.3 million tonnes.
Canola
Total stocks of canola were down 38.7% year over year to 5.9 million tonnes as of March 31, 2025. The decrease was attributable to a 42.8% decline in on-farm stocks to 4.6 million tonnes, while commercial stocks fell 18.2% to 1.3 million tonnes.
Canola exports for this period were up 73.6% to 6.8 million tonnes, the highest amount since 2021. Domestic use of canola—largely for crushing—reached a record for the period ending March 31, 2025, at 8.1 million tonnes (+3.1%), surpassing the previous record set in 2020. The increase is likely attributable to continued expansion of the sector to meet demands for renewable energy.
Corn for grain
Total stocks of corn for grain were down 13.0% year over year to 7.2 million tonnes as of March 31, 2025. On-farm stocks decreased 8.5% compared with the same date in 2024, to 4.9 million tonnes, while commercial stocks fell 20.9% to 2.3 million tonnes.
Imports of corn for grain fell 50.2% to 1.0 million tonnes as of March 31, 2025, compared with the same date in 2024. Exports of corn for the period doubled, rising to 1.4 million tonnes.
Soybean
Total stocks of soybeans rose 10.9% year over year to 2.4 million tonnes as of March 31, 2025. On-farm stocks rose 11.1% to 1.4 million tonnes, while commercial stocks rose 10.6% to 988 000 tonnes, compared with the same period one year earlier.
Barley
Total stocks of barley edged down 0.2% year over year to 3.1 million tonnes as of March 31, 2025. Commercial stocks rose 8.4% to 488 000 tonnes, while on-farm stocks fell 1.8% to 2.6 million tonnes.
Domestic use—largely for feed—decreased 8.7% to 4.3 million tonnes. Exports of barley increased compared with the same period in 2024, rising 7.7% to 2.0 million tonnes.
Oats
Total stocks of oats decreased by 13.1% year over year to 1.3 million tonnes as of March 31, 2025. On-farm stocks dropped 11.5% to 1.0 million tonnes, while commercial stocks fell 18.3% to 277 000 tonnes.
Domestic use fell 11.2% to 734 600 tonnes. Exports of oats rose 10.4% compared with the same period one year earlier to 1.8 million tonnes, in line with the five-year average.
Focus on Canada and the United States
Recent announcements about broad new tariffs by the United States may shape trends of several inputs that contribute to the supply and disposition of grains in Canada, including deliveries, exports and industrial use. Statistics Canada will continue to monitor developments on tariffs.
For detailed and up-to-date figures on trade between Canada and the United States by product type, please refer to the Canadian International Merchandise Trade Web Application.
For more data and insights on areas touched by the socio-economic relationship between Canada and the United States, see the Focus on Canada and the United States webpage.
Note to readers
Beginning in 2025, data for the on-farm stocks component of principal field crops as of July 31 will be modelled using survey estimates and administrative data. This methodology, which has been used to produce estimates for the on-farm stocks component of principal field crops as of March 31 since 2023, is a continuation of the AgZero initiative, which aims to reduce respondent burden while producing high-quality estimates using alternative methods. For more information, users can visit the Modelling March Ending Stocks Using Survey and Administrative Data, which provides an overview of the method.
Data on commercial stocks of western major crops originate from the Canadian Grain Commission. Data on commercial stocks of special crops originate from a survey of handlers and agents of special crops.
National supply-disposition tables for the major grains and special crops are published jointly with the current release on stock levels and are available in online data tables 32-10-0013-01, 32-10-0014-01 and 32-10-0015-01.
Stock data are subject to revision during the two years following their initial publication.
An easy-to-print chart, Crop Reporting Survey at a Glance, which provides an overview of our survey cycle, is now available.
Readers are invited to visit the Agriculture and Food Statistics Portal for more data related to agriculture and food published by Statistics Canada.
Reference
Data tables: Access the latest tables.
- Note: some data tables may best be viewed on desktop.
Definitions, data sources and methods: See the associated survey numbers.
Previous release: Stocks of principal field crops, December 31, 2024.
Contact information
For more information, or to enquire about the concepts, methods or data quality of this release, contact us (toll-free 1-800-263-1136; 514-283-8300; infostats@statcan.gc.ca) or Media Relations (statcan.mediahotline-ligneinfomedias.statcan@statcan.gc.ca).