Focus on Canada and the United States: Travel

Data and insights on travel between Canada and the United States.

Features

Leading indicator of international arrivals to Canada, June 2025

In June 2025, the number of arrivals to Canada by US residents by air decreased 0.7% from the same month in 2024, while arrivals by automobile decreased 10.4%.

Frontier Counts: Interactive Dashboard

The Frontier Counts: Interactive Dashboard provides access to data on the number of border crossings in an interactive and customizable format. The counts include only those travelling for tourism-related purposes.

Recent changes in Canadian-resident travel to the United States

In 2024, Canadian-resident trips to the United States totalled 39 million, representing 75% of all Canadian-resident travel abroad. However, recent data on foreign travel suggest that Canadians' travel sentiment toward their southern neighbour has been shifting in early 2025.

Releases

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Releases related to travel

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Insights on Canada and the United States: Travel releases
Release date Product Release type Release sub-type
7/23/2025

Table 24-10-0055-01 - Non-resident visitors entering Canada, by country of residence, mode of transportation, arrival type and traveller type

Data table

By country of residence, mode of transportation, arrival type and traveller type

Data product

Data product Data table
7/23/2025

Table 24-10-0054-01 - International travellers entering or returning to Canada, by type of transportation and traveller type, seasonally-adjusted

Data table

By type of transportation and traveller type, seasonally-adjusted

Data product

Data product Data table
7/23/2025

Table 24-10-0053-01 - International travellers entering or returning to Canada, by type of transportation and traveller type

Data table

By type of transportation and traveller type

Data product

Data product Data table
7/23/2025

Table 24-10-0052-01 - Vehicles entering Canada by land, by vehicle type and licence plate

Data table

By vehicle type and licence plate

Data product

Data product Data table
7/23/2025

Table 24-10-0051-01 - Non-resident visitors entering Canada, by country of residence, seasonally-adjusted

Data table

By country of residence, seasonally-adjusted

Data product

Data product Data table
7/23/2025

Table 24-10-0050-01 - Non-resident visitors entering Canada, by country of residence

Data table

By country of residence

Data product

Data product Data table
7/23/2025

Travel between Canada and other countries, May 2025

The Daily

In May, Canadian residents returned from 2.3 million trips to the United States, representing a 31.9% decrease from the same month in 2024 and accounting for 67.7% of all trips taken by Canadian residents in May 2025.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
7/31/2025

Table 23-10-0312-01 - Screened passenger traffic at the largest airports in Canada

Data table

Transborder (to the United States) sector passengers

Data product

Data product Data table
7/31/2025

Screened passenger traffic at Canadian airports, June 2025

The Daily

In June 2025, transborder passengers accounted for 24.7% of the total number of screened passengers, down from 26.7% in June 2024.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
7/24/2025

Aviation Data Visualization Hub: Aircraft Movements

Interactive dashboard

This dashboard provides data on aircraft movements at Canada’s major airports and select small airports in an interactive format, for the last five years. It allows users to compare aircraft movements by geography, class of operation, type of operation, sector (domestic, transborder and other international) and highlights the busiest airports by amount of activity.

Data visualization

Data visualization Interactive dashboard
7/24/2025

Table 23-10-0304-01 - Domestic and international itinerant movements, by geography, airports with NAV CANADA services and other selected airports, monthly

Data table

Transborder aircraft movements (to and from the United States)

Data product

Data product Data table
7/24/2025

Table 23-10-0302-01 - Domestic and international itinerant movements, by type of operation, at airports with NAV CANADA services and other selected airports, monthly

Data table

Transborder aircraft movements (to and from the United States)

Data product

Data product Data table
7/24/2025

Aircraft movement and civil aviation statistics, May 2025

The Daily

Transborder aircraft movements (to and from the United States) represented 9.7% of total itinerant movements at Canada's major and select small airports in May, down from 10.1% in May 2024.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-07-10

Leading indicator of international arrivals to Canada, June 2025

The Daily

In June 2025, the number of arrivals to Canada by US residents by air decreased 0.7% from the same month in 2024, while arrivals by automobile decreased 10.4%. Meanwhile, Canadian-resident return trips from the United States by air fell 22.1% in June 2025 compared with the same month one year earlier. Canadian-resident return trips by automobile dropped 33.1%.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-07-10

Frontier Counts: Interactive Dashboard

Interactive dashboard

The Frontier Counts: Interactive Dashboard provides access to data on the number of border crossings in an interactive and customizable format. The counts include only those travelling for tourism-related purposes.

Data visualization

Data visualization Interactive dashboard
2025-07-10

Table 24-10-0056-01 - Leading indicator, International visitors entering or returning to Canada by air, by country of residence and traveller type

Data table

By air, by country of residence and traveller type

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-07-10

Table 24-10-0057-01 - Leading indicator, International visitors entering or returning to Canada by land, by vehicle type, vehicle licence plate and traveller type

Data table

By land, by vehicle type, vehicle licence plate and traveller type

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-07-10

Table 24-10-0058-01 - Leading indicator, Vehicles entering Canada by land, by vehicle type and licence plate

Data table

American-plated vehicles entering Canada

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-07-10

Table 24-10-0059-01 - Leading indicator, Trucks and drivers entering or returning to Canada, by vehicle licence plate

Data table

American-plated trucks entering Canada

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-06-27

Screened passenger traffic at Canadian airports, May 2025

The Daily

In May 2025, transborder passengers accounted for 23.6% of the total number of screened passengers, down from the 26.2% recorded in May 2024.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-06-27

Table 23-10-0312-01 - Screened passenger traffic at the largest airports in Canada

Data table

Transborder (to the United States) sector passengers

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-06-26

Aircraft movement and civil aviation statistics, April 2025

The Daily

Transborder aircraft movements (to and from the United States) represented 10.1% of total itinerant movements at Canada's major and select small airports in April 2025, down from the 10.9% recorded in April 2024.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-06-26

Aviation Data Visualization Hub: Aircraft Movements

Interactive dashboard

This dashboard provides data on aircraft movements at Canada’s major airports and select small airports in an interactive format, for the last five years. It allows users to compare aircraft movements by geography, class of operation, type of operation, sector (domestic, transborder and other international) and highlights the busiest airports by amount of activity.

Data visualization

Data visualization Interactive dashboard
2025-06-26

Table 23-10-0302-01 - Domestic and international itinerant movements, by type of operation, at airports with NAV CANADA services and other selected airports, monthly

Data table

Transborder aircraft movements (to and from the United States)

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-06-26

Table 23-10-0304-01 Domestic and international itinerant movements, by geography, airports with NAV CANADA services and other selected airports, monthly

Data table

Transborder aircraft movements (to and from the United States)

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-06-25

Recent changes in Canadian-resident travel to the United States

Economic and Social Reports

In 2024, Canadian-resident trips to the United States totalled 39 million, representing 75% of all Canadian-resident travel abroad. However, recent data on foreign travel suggest that Canadians' travel sentiment toward their southern neighbour has been shifting in early 2025.

Analytical product

Analytical product Economic and Social Reports
2025-06-23

Leading indicator of international arrivals to Canada, April 2025

The Daily

In April, Canadian residents returned from 2.3 million trips to the United States, representing a 29.1% decrease from April 2024 and accounting for 63.9% of all trips taken by Canadian residents in April 2025.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-06-23

Table 24-10-0050-01 - Non-resident visitors entering Canada, by country of residence

Data table

By country of residence

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-06-23

Table 24-10-0051-01 - Non-resident visitors entering Canada, by country of residence, seasonally-adjusted

Data table

By country of residence, seasonally-adjusted

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-06-23

Table 24-10-0052-01 - Vehicles entering Canada by land, by vehicle type and licence plate

Data table

By vehicle type and licence plate

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-06-23

Table 24-10-0053-01 - International travellers entering or returning to Canada, by type of transportation and traveller type

Data table

By type of transportation and traveller type

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-06-23

Table 24-10-0054-01 - International travellers entering or returning to Canada, by type of transportation and traveller type, seasonally-adjusted

Data table

By type of transportation and traveller type, seasonally-adjusted

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-06-23

Table 24-10-0055-01 - Non-resident visitors entering Canada, by country of residence, mode of transportation, arrival type and traveller type

Data table

By country of residence, mode of transportation, arrival type and traveller type

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-06-10

Leading indicator of international arrivals to Canada, May 2025

The Daily

Canadian-resident return trips by air fell 24.2% in May 2025 compared with the same month in 2024. Canadian-resident return trips by automobile dropped 38.1%—the fifth consecutive month of year-over-year declines.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-06-02

Screened passenger traffic at Canadian airports, April 2025

The Daily

In April 2025, transborder passengers accounted for 25.5% of the total number of screened passengers, down from the 28.1% recorded in April 2024.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-05-30

Table 24-10-0045-01 - Travel by Canadian residents in Canada and abroad by trip purpose

Data table

Travel by Canadian residents in Canada and abroad by trip purpose

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-05-30

Table 24-10-0064-01 - Trips, nights and spending for visitors to Canada, by residency, trip purpose and mode of transport

Data table

By residency, trip purpose and mode of transport

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-05-30

Table 24-10-0065-02 - Trips and spending per trip for visitors from United States of America to Canada, by mode of transport, percent change

Data table

Trips and spending per trip for visitors from United States of America to Canada, by mode of transport, percent change

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-05-30

Table 24-10-0066-01 - Visits, nights and spending for visitors to Canada by geography of visit, residency and mode of transport

Data table

By geography of visit, residency and mode of transport

Data product

Data product Data table
2025-05-28

Aircraft movement and civil aviation statistics, March 2025

The Daily

Transborder aircraft movements (to and from the United States) represented 11.8% of total itinerant movements at Canada's major and select small airports in March 2025, unchanged from the level recorded in March 2024.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-05-22

Travel between Canada and other countries, March 2025

The Daily

In March, Canadian residents returned from 2.7 million trips to the United States, representing a 24.0% decrease from Marc 2024 and accounting for 63.9% of all trips taken by Canadian residents in March 2025.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-05-12

Leading indicator of international arrivals to Canada, April 2025

The Daily

Canadian-resident return trips by air fell 19.9% in April 2025 compared with the same month in 2024. Canadian-resident return trips by automobile dropped 35.2%—the fourth consecutive month of year-over-year declines.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-04-29

Aircraft movement and civil aviation statistics, February 2025

The Daily

Transborder aircraft movements (to and from the United States) represented 10.7% of total itinerant movements at Canada's major and select small airports in 2023 and 11.1% in 2024. The four largest Canadian airports—Toronto/Lester B. Pearson International, Montréal/Pierre Elliot Trudeau International, Vancouver International, and Calgary International—have accounted for approximately 75% of all transborder traffic each year since 2022.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-04-29

Screened passenger traffic at Canadian airports, March 2025

The Daily

In March 2025, transborder passengers accounted for 27.6% of the total number of screened passengers, down slightly from the 29.1% recorded in March 2024.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-04-23

Travel between Canada and other countries, February 2025

The Daily

In February, trips to Canada by US residents decreased 5.3% year over year to 1.1 million trips. The number of trips to Canada by overseas residents fell 17.2%, the sharpest decline in a stretch of five consecutive months of year-over-year declines, which began in October 2024.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-04-10

Leading indicator of international arrivals to Canada, March 2025

The Daily

In March 2025, Canadian residents flew back from 719,500 trips to the United States, which represented a 13.5% decline from the same month in 2024. For Canadian-resident return trips by automobile from the United States, March 2025 saw a decline of 31.9% to 1.5 million.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-03-31

Screened passenger traffic at Canadian airports, February 2025

The Daily

In February 2025, all four of the largest airports recorded year-over-year decreases in screened passenger counts for flights to the United States: Toronto/Lester B. Pearson International (-2.5%), Vancouver International (-4.7%), Montréal/Pierre Elliott Trudeau International (-5.6%) and Calgary International (-3.7%).

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-03-28

Aircraft movement and civil aviation statistics, January 2025

The Daily

Transborder aircraft movements (to and from the United States) represented 10.7% of total itinerant movements at Canada's major and select small airports in 2023 and 11.1% in 2024. The four largest Canadian airports—Toronto/Lester B. Pearson International, Montréal/Pierre Elliot Trudeau International, Vancouver International, and Calgary International—have accounted for approximately 75% of all transborder traffic each year since 2022.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-03-21

Travel between Canada and other countries, January 2025

The Daily

In January 2025, Canadian residents returned from 2.7 million trips to the United States, a decrease of 2.3% from January 2024. Return trips from the United States represented 66.5% of all trips taken by Canadian residents in January 2025.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-03-10

Leading indicator of international arrivals to Canada, February 2025

The Daily

In February 2025, Canadian residents flew back from 585,700 trips to the US, which represented a 13.1% decline from the same month in 2024. For Canadian-resident return trips by automobile from the US, February 2025 saw a steep decline of 23.0% year over year to 1.2 million.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-02-27

Screened passenger traffic at Canadian airports, January 2025

The Daily

Passengers screened for transborder (to the United States) flights at the eight largest Canadian airports represented 26.1% of the total screened passengers in 2023 and 27.4% of such passengers in 2024.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-02-21

Travel between Canada and other countries, December 2024

The Daily

In 2024, Canadian residents took 39.0 million trips to the United States, an increase of 4.4% from 2023. Meanwhile, US residents took 23.4 million trips to Canada in 2024 (+10.7% from 2023), over half of which were trips by automobile.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2025-02-11

Leading indicator of international arrivals to Canada, January 2025

The Daily

In January, the number of Canadian-resident return trips by automobile from visits to the United States totalled 1.5 million, a decline of 0.9% compared with the same month one year earlier.

Analytical product

Analytical product The Daily
2023-03-10

Glossary: Frontier Counts

Glossary

Definitions for terms used in Frontier Counts are based on the United Nations World Tourism Organization's International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics 2008. However, in some cases, they are modified to align with the Canadian context.

Reference

Reference Glossary
2023-03-07

Conceptual relationship between travellers, visitors, excursionists and tourists as defined by the Frontier Counts program

Documentation

Frontier Counts - Documentation

Reference

Reference Documentation

Business Innovation and Growth Support – Additional Documentation 2022/2023

The following list presents the types of support associated with the value of support to ultimate beneficiaries for the reference year 2022/2023.

Type of support

  • Advisory service
  • Conditionally Repayable Contribution
  • Grant
  • Loan Guarantees
  • N/A
  • Non-Repayable Contribution
  • Other Financial Support
  • Service Fully Cost-Recovered
  • Service Fully Subsidized
  • Service Partially Cost-Recovered
  • Targeted Procurement
  • Unconditionally Repayable Contribution

The following list identifies the program streams that are covered under the Business Innovation and Growth Support statistical program for the reference year 2022/2023.

program streams that provide innovation and growth support to ultimate beneficiaries for the reference year 2021/2022.
Department/agency Program stream name
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada AgriInnovate Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada AgriInnovation Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada AgriProcessing Initiative
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada AgriScience Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agricultural Climate Solutions - Living Labs
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agricultural Climate Solutions - On-Farm Climate Action Fund
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agricultural Innovation Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Canadian Agriculture Strategic Priorities Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Living Laboratories Initiative
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada The Renewal of the Agricultural Clean Technology Program
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Atlantic Innovation Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Black Entrepreneurship Program- Ecosystem Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Business Development Program
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Canada Coal Transition Initiative
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Canadian Experiences Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Community Futures Program
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Innovative Communities Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Jobs and Growth Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Black Entrepreneurship Program - Ecosystem Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Community Futures Program
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Economic Development Initiative
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Jobs and Growth Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Quebec Regional Economic Infrastructure Development Initiative
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Regional Air Transportation Initiative
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Canadian Space Agency Space Technology Development Program
Canadian Space Agency smartEarth contribution
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Canada Community Revitalization Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Economic Development Initiative
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Inclusive Diversification and Economic Advancement in the North
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Jobs and Growth Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Northern Indigenous Economic Opportunities Program
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Northern Isolated Community Initiatives Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Development Program
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Atlantic Fisheries Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada British Columbia Salmon Restoration and Innovation Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Fisheries and Aquaculture Clean Technology Adoption Program
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Quebec Fisheries Fund
Department of National Defence Innovation for Defence, Excellence and Security
Environment and Climate Change Canada Low Carbon Economy Challenge
Environment and Climate Change Canada Science Horizons Youth Internship Program
Employment and Social Development Canada Temporary Foreign Worker Program - Global Talent Stream
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Advanced Manufacturing Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Black Entrepreneurship Program - Ecosystem Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Community Economic Development and Diversification
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Community Futures Program
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Investing in Business Growth and Productivity
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Investing in Business Innovation
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Jobs and Growth Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario Black Entrepreneurship Program - National Ecosystem Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario FedNor Aerospace Regional Recovery Initiative
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario FedNor Canadian Experiences Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario FedNor Community Futures Program
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario FedNor Economic Development Initiative
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario FedNor Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario FedNor Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario FedNor Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario Northern Ontario Development Program
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario Regional Air Transportation Initiative
Federal Economic Development Agency for Northern Ontario The Jobs and Growth Fund
Global Affairs Canada CanExport Innovation
Global Affairs Canada CanExport SME
Global Affairs Canada Canadian International Innovation Program
Global Affairs Canada Canadian Technology Accelerators
Global Affairs Canada Trade Commissioner Service
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Accelerated Growth Service
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Automotive Innovation Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Black Entrepreneurship Program - Black Entrepreneurship Knowledge Hub
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Black Entrepreneurship Program - Black Entrepreneurship Loan Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada CANARIE Inc.
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Canada Digital Adoption Program
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Canada Small Business Financing Program
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Clean Growth Hub
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Communications Research Centre Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Futurpreneur Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Genome Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Global Innovation Clusters
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Indigenous Intellectual Property Program Grant
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Innovative Solutions Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Mitacs Inc.
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Stem Cell Network
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Strategic Aerospace and Defence Initiative (SADI)
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Strategic Innovation Fund
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Sustainable Development Technology Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Technology Demonstration Program
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Technology Partnerships Canada
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada adMare BioInnovations
Natural Resources Canada Clean Growth Program
Natural Resources Canada Contribution to the Indigenous Forestry Initiative - Indigenous Economic Development
Natural Resources Canada Contributions in Support of Electric Vehicle and Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Deployment Initiative
Natural Resources Canada Contributions in support of Clean Energy for Rural and Remote Communities
Natural Resources Canada Contributions in support of Forest Innovation Program
Natural Resources Canada Contributions in support of GeoConnections Program
Natural Resources Canada Contributions in support of Green construction through wood program
Natural Resources Canada Contributions in support of Investments in Forest Industry Transformation
Natural Resources Canada Contributions in support of the Forest Research Institute Initiative
Natural Resources Canada Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Demonstration Program
Natural Resources Canada Emerging Renewables Power Program (ERPP)
Natural Resources Canada Energy Efficient Buildings Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D)
Natural Resources Canada Energy Innovation Program
Natural Resources Canada Mining Innovation
Natural Resources Canada Science and Technology Internship Program - Green Jobs
Natural Resources Canada Smart Grid Program
Natural Resources Canada Smart Renewables and Electrification Pathways Program (SREPs)
Natural Resources Canada Zero Emission Vehicle Infrastructure
National Research Council of Canada Advanced Electronics and Photonics
National Research Council of Canada Aerospace
National Research Council of Canada Aquatic and Crop Resource Development
National Research Council of Canada Automotive and Surface Transportation
National Research Council of Canada Challenge-Superclusters
National Research Council of Canada Construction
National Research Council of Canada Digital Technologies
National Research Council of Canada Energy, Mining and Environment
National Research Council of Canada Human Health Therapeutics
National Research Council of Canada Ideation Fund
National Research Council of Canada Industrial Research Assistance Program
National Research Council of Canada Medical Devices
National Research Council of Canada Ocean, Coastal, and River Engineering
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Alliance grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Applied Research and Development Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Business-Led Networks of Centres of Excellence
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Centres of Excellence for Commercialization and Research
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Collaborative Research and Development Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council College-University Idea to Innovation Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Industrial Research Chairs
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Innovation Enhancement Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Strategic Partnership Grants for Networks
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Technology Access Centres Grants
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council University Idea to Innovation Grants
Pacific Economic Development Canada Aerospace Regional Recovery Initiative
Pacific Economic Development Canada Black Entrepreneurship Program - National Ecosystem Fund
Pacific Economic Development Canada Canadian Experiences Fund
Pacific Economic Development Canada Community Futures Program
Pacific Economic Development Canada Jobs and Growth Fund
Pacific Economic Development Canada Regional Air Transportation Initiative
Pacific Economic Development Canada Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Pacific Economic Development Canada Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Pacific Economic Development Canada Western Diversification Program
Pacific Economic Development Canada Western Innovation Initiative
Pacific Economic Development Canada Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Pacific Economic Development Canada Women's Enterprise Initiative
Department of Canadian Heritage Canada Book Fund
Department of Canadian Heritage Canada Media Fund - Experimental Stream
Department of Canadian Heritage Canada Music Fund - Individual and Collective Initiatives
Department of Canadian Heritage Canada Periodical Fund
Department of Canadian Heritage Creative Export Canada
Department of Canadian Heritage Digital Citizen Contribution Program
Department of Canadian Heritage Indigenous Screen Office Program
Prairies Economic Development Canada Aerospace Regional Recovery Initiative
Prairies Economic Development Canada Black Entrepreneurship Program - National Ecosystem Fund
Prairies Economic Development Canada Canada Coal Transition Initiative
Prairies Economic Development Canada Canadian Experiences Fund
Prairies Economic Development Canada Community Futures Program
Prairies Economic Development Canada Economic Development Initiative
Prairies Economic Development Canada Jobs and Growth Fund
Prairies Economic Development Canada Regional Air Transportation Initiative
Prairies Economic Development Canada Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Prairies Economic Development Canada Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Prairies Economic Development Canada Western Diversification Program
Prairies Economic Development Canada Western Innovation Initiative
Prairies Economic Development Canada Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Prairies Economic Development Canada Women's Enterprise Initiative

The following list identifies the program streams that provided innovation and growth support to ultimate beneficiaries for the reference year 2022/2023.

Program streams that provide innovation and growth support for the reference year 2021/2022.
Department/agency Program stream name
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada AgriInnovate Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada AgriScience Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agricultural Climate Solutions - Living Labs
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Canadian Agriculture Strategic Priorities Program
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Living Laboratories Initiative
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada The Renewal of the Agricultural Clean Technology Program
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Atlantic Innovation Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Black Entrepreneurship Program- Ecosystem Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Business Development Program
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Canada Coal Transition Initiative
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Canadian Experiences Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Innovative Communities Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Jobs and Growth Fund
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Black Entrepreneurship Program - Ecosystem Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Economic Development Initiative
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Jobs and Growth Fund
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Quebec Regional Economic Infrastructure Development Initiative
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Regional Air Transportation Initiative
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Business Scale-up and Productivity
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Canadian Space Agency Space Technology Development Program
Canadian Space Agency smartEarth contribution
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Canada Community Revitalization Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Economic Development Initiative
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Inclusive Diversification and Economic Advancement in the North
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Jobs and Growth Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Northern Indigenous Economic Opportunities Program
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Northern Isolated Community Initiatives Fund
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Regional Economic Growth Through Innovation - Regional Innovation Ecosystems
Canadian Northern Economic Development Agency Women Entrepreneurship Strategy - Ecosystem Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Aquaculture Collaborative Research and Development Program
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Atlantic Fisheries Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada British Columbia Salmon Restoration and Innovation Fund
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Fisheries and Aquaculture Clean Technology Adoption Program
Fisheries and Oceans Canada Quebec Fisheries Fund
Department of National Defence Innovation for Defence, Excellence and Security
Environment and Climate Change Canada Low Carbon Economy Challenge
Environment and Climate Change Canada Science Horizons Youth Internship Program
Employment and Social Development Canada Temporary Foreign Worker Program - Global Talent Stream
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Black Entrepreneurship Program - Ecosystem Fund
Federal Economic Development Agency for Southern Ontario Community Economic Development and Diversification
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Global Affairs Canada CanExport Innovation
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Global Affairs Canada Canadian International Innovation Program
Global Affairs Canada Canadian Technology Accelerators
Global Affairs Canada Trade Commissioner Service
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Accelerated Growth Service
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Black Entrepreneurship Program - Black Entrepreneurship Knowledge Hub
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Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Canada Digital Adoption Program
Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada Canada Small Business Financing Program
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Eh Sayers Episode 24 - What Does It Take to Exit Homelessness?

Release date: March 10, 2025

Catalogue number: 45200003
ISSN: 2025001

Listen to "Eh Sayers" on:

What is it that helps someone transition from homeless to housed? 

We’re looking at new analysis of data from the Canadian Housing Survey to explore exactly that. In conversation with Peter Tilley, the CEO of the Ottawa Mission, and Jeff Randle, Chief of the Housing Need Project section at Statistics Canada, we’re asking why homelessness (and homelessness data!) is more complex than you might think, what factors most often led to regaining housing, and why housing can be challenging to maintain even after it’s been regained.

For more information: Exiting homelessness: An examination of factors contributing to regaining and maintaining housing

Host

Tegan Bridge

Guests

Peter Tilley, Jeff Randle

Listen to audio

Eh Sayers Episode 24 - What Does It Take to Exit Homelessness? - Transcript

Tegan: Welcome to Eh Sayers, a podcast from Statistics Canada, where we meet the people behind the data and explore the stories behind the numbers. I'm your host, Tegan Bridge.

We make a promise every episode: to meet the people behind the data and explore the stories behind the numbers. Often that means meeting the people at Statistics Canada who produce and analyze numbers, but it also means going beyond that, trying to see and understand the person behind every data point so that they are more than a statistic.

Peter: So many people don't realize that the people who are homeless, the people who are here at the Ottawa Mission or at the Shepherds of Good Hope or Salvation Army or Cornerstone, one of those services, those people are at a point in time in their life. They didn't grow up homeless. They weren't in high school saying, "Boy, I hope when I graduate, I become homeless."

There are people who often suffer from mental health or addiction issues, but also people who have just had one event after another that didn't go well in their lives, and suddenly at age 25, 35, 45, they're faced with no other option, where they can't pay the rent, or maybe they're in a poor mental health state or addiction state that they just can't survive otherwise.

And for them, we become the last house on the block, the last stop where they can go to get help, to have shelter and to have the basic necessities. But hopefully, they get the help they need to turn around their lives and move on, back onto the road of success and back onto a better journey in life.

I'm Peter Tilley, the CEO at the Ottawa Mission.

Tegan: Can you tell us about the Ottawa Mission? There are some listeners who won't be familiar with it. What kind of work do you do?

Peter: So it's an amazing engine, an amazing hub for anybody who wants to come down and walk inside our blue doors. So, many people know that the Ottawa Mission is a downtown homeless shelter, and with that they expect, basically, our main role is the 250 beds that we have here at night, and our main role would be to provide the meals for the homeless, the over 3,000 meals that we provide every day for people who are homeless,

Tegan: But the Ottawa Mission goes beyond providing beds and meals: mental health supports, addiction and trauma services, a primary care clinic, hospice care, a dental clinic, an education program, an employment program.

Peter: we have job training here, the Chef Ric's food services training program, a maintenance services training program, a new program we just started where people can learn to become superintendents. So it's a whole range of facilities here at the Ottawa Mission for people who come in. The whole idea being that we address the issues that brought them to a state of homelessness and then move them on into housing, the biggest piece of which is we also have a very active and engaged housing department. People don't realize that we placed 260 people into housing last year, moved them out from under our roof thanks to our work with landlords.

Tegan: In your experience, when someone exits homelessness, what helps them the most to make that transition?

Peter: So, believe it or not, and it sounds corny, but hope and dignity and self-worth, if they leave here after we've worked with them on their addictions, mental health issues, if we just give them that hope that you are worthy of this, and most of the trauma of the people who come in under our roof have happened in those formative years.

And many of the people here I've talked to, so many who have come in my office, and we've had those conversations. Our stats show that closer to 80% of the people who are here under our roof suffered some form of childhood trauma, often in the form of abuse, sexual abuse, or verbal abuse, many other issues. To try and peel back the layers and give them that dignity, self-worth, that hope that they are worthy of treatment, that they are worthy of mental health supports, that they are worthy of living a life free of that baggage that was put on them is so important as they leave our roof to move into independent living, that they have that confidence now, that value in their life, that they deserve more than to be stuck under a bridge somewhere, perhaps addicted to a substance and not moving on from there.

Tegan: What is it that helps someone transition from homeless to housed?

StatCan just released new research based on data from the Canadian Housing Survey exploring exactly that, asking which specific factors most often led to regaining and maintaining housing.

Jeff: And what we wanted to bring forward in the analysis is understanding the factors that people accessed when they were regaining housing after having experienced a homelessness episode.

Tegan: So welcome. Could you please introduce yourself?

Jeff: Yeah. Hi. My name is Jeff Randle. I've been working at StatCan since 2006. And right now, I'm the chief of the Housing Need Project section. And among the data programs that we administer in our section are the Canadian housing survey. And we do some cost recovery, or pilot projects, on homelessness.

Tegan: Homelessness. That word actually encompasses a pretty diverse set of experiences. Could you talk about that and the different ways a person might experience homelessness?

Jeff: Yeah, so when we're talking about homelessness, I think two big factors to consider are where it happens and for how long it happens.

Jeff: So when we look at homelessness two ways of, of considering it are homelessness that happens in unsheltered or sheltered settings.

Tegan: While you might be most familiar with unsheltered homelessness, the most visible type, where people find or make shelters in places not intended for them, like parks or alleys, but this isn't the only kind of homelessness. Less visible is sheltered homeless, where people are able to find refuge in emergency shelters, like a men's shelter or a temporary shelter set up for extreme weather.

The last category is called hidden homelessness, and this refers to people who are homeless but who have temporarily found a place to live, like a motel or with family or friends.Jeff: On the flip side, you've got a duration aspect to it, and so chronic homelessness, it refers to longer durations or frequency of being in and out of homelessness over a period of time. And then you have non chronic homelessness, which has been referred to as episodic, and this is more short or infrequent, uh, episodes of homelessness.

Tegan: What are some of the challenges involved in trying to get an accurate picture of Canada's homeless population?

Jeff: Yeah, so I think the first big thing when you're thinking about how to count the homeless population or how to measure aspects of it or do statistical analysis is it's a hard to reach population. So one not always visible to typical data programs. And that's not to say that homelessness isn't visible when you're walking down the street or to people experiencing it. But from a survey or administrative data perspective, it's difficult or often not possible to identify the person who is experiencing homelessness. And then based on that, being able to produce analysis for these people with the suite of data that we may have at StatCan becomes more challenging if we don't get that signal.

Jeff: And so when we think about the tools that we have for producing analysis, you have survey data, which is typically done, at least at StatCan, in dwellings. And the data that we presented in this article uses Canadian Housing Survey data. Now these are going to be retrospective accounts, so lifetime experiences of homelessness, where individuals are asked to recall what it was like at the time, right? But that's also a study on people who are no longer homeless, okay?

Jeff: There's also point in time counts, and these are done kind of like a snapshot at one specific period. But this may miss segments of the population who might be homeless at different times throughout the year. It's kind of that one point in time snapshot. There's also the Homeless Individuals and Families Information System that HICC administers.

Last thing I want to maybe mention about challenges with producing a count or a picture of homelessness is what's the picture that you're trying to actually capture, right? Because homelessness can be a fluid state for people. We may be homeless at one period, but not the next. So it's important to think of it like, am I going to be looking at how many people have been homeless for a year or at a specific point in time or what type of homelessness? It's going to have different demands, from your data collection perspective. And just that one size does not fit all from a data program, right? Shelter data is going to be useful for some things. Survey is going to be useful for others.

Tegan: Challenging portrait to paint.

Jeff: It can be, yeah. If you want to have a broad and, and, and in-depth understanding of it, yeah, it's going to require, uh, many different perspectives.

Tegan: You mentioned counting people who are not currently homeless, but who have experienced homelessness in their lifetime. How big is that population?

Jeff: So, about one in eight people have experienced some form of homelessness in their life.

Tegan: That's a lot.

Jeff: It's not a small number, but this is the people who have regained housing, right, and the Canadian Housing Survey also only goes to the ten provinces for the reference period in question. And so, people who are still experiencing homelessness, or are experiencing a more entrenched form of homelessness, they may not have the same experiences as the people that are in the sample for the Canadian Housing Survey.

Like I said, about 1 in 8 have experienced some form of homelessness in their life. Now, it's far more likely for people to have experienced hidden homelessness, where they've been couch surfing or staying with friends or family than it is for people to have experienced a sheltered or unsheltered episode of homelessness.

Tegan: The number of people experiencing homelessness is notable, according to Peter.

Peter: We're seeing people in encampments. We're seeing people with nowhere else to go.

Here at the Ottawa Mission we've seen this huge influx in the past two years of newcomers, of refugees and asylum seekers coming in to stay under our roof. So it's been a challenge, but it's one that's hit right across the country in the last two years. All the cities, our major Canadian cities, are having to deal with the number of people who are on the streets, the overcrowded shelters.

I mean, 10 years ago, everybody was talking about Housing First. We're going to move all the people out of the shelters and into housing. We're going to have wraparound mental health and addiction supports. We're going to solve homelessness.

Our lineups to get in for a night are longer than they've ever been. We have more people waiting for a bed, more people having to be fed for meals during the day. It's a crisis, and it's out of control, and it's not getting any better.

Tegan: In terms of demographics, what do we know about who's experiencing homelessness? What populations are overrepresented?

Jeff: So, Housing Infrastructure and Communities Canada has from their HIFIS, shelter program highlighted—and the coordinated point in time counts program—they've highlighted Indigenous homelessness as a group of individuals who are overrepresented. And we see that mirrored in the Canadian Housing Survey results too. So, just for homelessness experiences in general, Indigenous people in our sample were almost three times more likely to have had a lifetime experience with it, and when you consider sheltered or unsheltered experiences, they were almost four times as likely as the total population to have that type of homeless experience.

2SLGBTQ+ individuals were also more likely and people who were veterans also were a little bit more likely to have experienced some form of homelessness.

Tegan: The 2022 Canadian Housing Survey asked households with homelessness experience which factors helped them regain and maintain housing. What did we learn?

Jeff: So I mentioned that there's no one size fits all data program for understanding homelessness, and there's no one size fits all solution to it either.

Tegan: There's a range of ways that someone can regain housing: getting a new job or finding affordable housing, maybe with help from a housing agency, or maybe you get support from your social networks. It's also often the case that it's not a single factor, but rather a combination of factors that helps somebody find a home.

Jeff: Financial-related factors were most common, alright? And so when I talk about financial related factors, I'm referring to increasing your employment income. There's also securing or increasing social assistance or welfare income, and you could also receive financial support from family or friends or from other sources. And so when we're considering financial factors, about 7 out of 10 sheltered or unsheltered people had access to some form of financial support. And for hidden homelessness, it was about two thirds of people.

Tegan: Another important factor for some was subsidized housing.

Jeff: So, subsidized housing is non-market rental housing. An example of this could be rent that's geared to your income, ok? So depending on the source of information that you use, whether it's Census or the Canadian Housing Survey, the total stock of subsidized housing in Canada is about 4 or 5% of the stock. But for people in our sample who had experienced sheltered or unsheltered homelessness, about 1 in 7 of them accessed subsidized housing on their way out of their last homeless episode. But almost a quarter of women accessed subsidized housing when exiting their last episode of homelessness. This could partly be owing to the role of Housing First programs and these are specific housing programs that are intended to take people from homelessness and put them in secure long-term housing.

Tegan: Homeownership. Homeownership is the dream for a lot of Canadians. Among those who were formerly homeless, how did they fare in terms of achieving homeownership? And what factors might influence this?

Jeff: Yeah, so, you know, if you think about homeownership and what it takes to become a homeowner, it requires savings, and in many cases we've seen other research come out of the agency, StatCan, which has talked about intergenerational impacts of homeownership or the bank of mom and dad.

But if on the way to homelessness, as some research to get suggests, specifically out of Calgary and the University of Calgary, individuals will deplete their savings and their incomes before entering an episode of homelessness. So, in Canada, while two thirds of households in the country are owner occupied or homeowner households, people who have experienced some form of homelessness or sheltered or unsheltered episodes, less than one third of them go on to become or have gone on to become homeowners by the time we did the 2022 Canadian Housing Survey. For hidden homelessness, it's a little bit closer to half, but still below half, of households to experience that.

And then if you think, "Okay, well if it takes time to save up to buy a home..." We also looked at these, uh, these groups 10 years later. So, so for the group that had had their last homeless episode occurring 10 years or farther ago, the rates are only marginally different. For hidden homeless individuals, it bumps up to a little above half, but still both groups are well below the two thirds for all Canadian households.

Tegan: And after regaining housing, were people likely to continue to face housing challenges?

Jeff: Yes, in a word, yes. They were. One indicator we chose to bring forward in the analysis, was acceptable housing. And so, acceptable housing is a combination of three indicators. So, if your housing is unaffordable or crowded or it's in a condition that requires major repairs, the housing is considered to be not acceptable, okay?

Those without homeless experiences in the past, only three in 10 face one or more of these issues. Okay. But for those who had a sheltered or unsheltered homelessness experience, more than half of them were living in housing that was either unaffordable, crowded, or in need of—the dwelling was in need of major repairs. It could be all three. For hidden homelessness, it was also more than four in ten. So these rates of housing need from that perspective are higher for people who had those experiences.

Tegan: Could you talk about the quality of life and the well-being of people who were formerly homeless?

Jeff: Yeah, for sure. So, one of the ways that we looked at it in this article was asking about the life satisfaction of individuals. This is a typical quality of life indicator, measures subjective well-being, and so people who had no experience of homelessness in the past, about six out of ten reported a high level of life satisfaction.

At the same time, for people who had experienced sheltered or unsheltered episodes, only one quarter reported having a high level of life satisfaction, and a little more than a third of people who had hidden homeless experiences reported a high level of life satisfaction.

Tegan: Peter, In what ways does homelessness leave a lasting impact on those who experience it?

Peter: Well, unfortunately, many are homeless now because of lack of income to pay the rent, lack of income to buy few food.

So, there are long-term effects for people who suffer from homelessness, even after they've gone through one of our programs, even after they've worked with our health clinic to address their needs. So it could be diabetes. It could be a number of issues, perhaps heart disease. Most of our population smokes. So now you're looking at heart disease, cancer, lung cancer, cirrhosis of the liver from those who have battled alcoholism. It's really difficult.

They will often suffer the long term effects of years of the challenges that they face, whether drug addiction, alcoholism, mental health issues.

I was just reading a report recently from one of our sister shelters on the head trauma and the brain trauma that's happening from people who are overdosing on fentanyl and having to be brought back to life through Narcan. That has a severe effect on the brain and, 2, 3, 4, let alone 10, 12, 14 times can have quite an effect on somebody's cognitive abilities and is leading to long term damage, brain damage, where now people who were ready to be housed have high acuity, high mental health issues and are no longer ready to be housed because they need to be in a congregate setting. So certainly there are a lot of long-term effects and long-term damage that, even with the proper supports in place, you unfortunately carry that with you. Even after you've turned your life around and gotten back on your feet.

Tegan: Jeff, if someone would like to learn more about your work, Where should they go?

Jeff: There's a housing portal on the StatCan website that provides access to a suite of different housing data programs and insights.

Maybe I'll just mention that the analysis that we're bringing forward with this article is one piece of a very large puzzle, right? Or one piece of a large system of data and insight providers in Canada. Housing Infrastructure and Communities Canada is responsible for Reaching H they have a series of reports, from point in time counts and their shelter data that are useful and informative as well.

StatCan also has other surveys that report on homelessness, like the General Social Survey, Canadian Safety. There's the Survey of Residential Facilities for Victims of Abuse that provides insights as well. And the fourth cycle of the Canadian Housing Survey is in collection through March 2025, with new data being released in 2026.

Tegan: Perfect. Thank you very much for your time.

Jeff: Thank you.

Tegan: And, Peter, for people who are listening and who want to help, but they're not sure how. What are some of the ways that they can make a difference in their communities?

Peter: So the best way… we always invite people is to get engaged. Give us a shout here at the Ottawa Mission. Say, I want to come down for a tour. I want to see what you do. It's amazing how many people have come in our doors and had no idea how clean we are, the quality of service we provide, the quality of meals, the dignity, the hope, the education programs, the job training programs.

All these services we provide to help break stigma, to help people get out of homelessness. So, we encourage people to come down here for a tour and see what we do. There's no better way for them then to want to get engaged, whether as a volunteer, as a supporter, perhaps financially. People have a hard time turning their back on the services we provide once they've come down and seen the difference we're making in the lives of the homeless.

Tegan: And where can they find you?

Peter: Yeah, they can please, uh, reach out to learn more at our website, OttawaMission.com. They can call in at 613-234-1155 and say, I want to get engaged or they can just show up at our door. Hopefully they'll book an appointment, but certainly they can reach out to me, Peter, and just say, hey, I want to follow up on that conversation you had and learn more.

Tegan: Well, Peter, thank you so much. We really, really appreciate the insight that you bring to this issue.

Peter: thank you for your time.

Tegan: You've been listening to Eh Sayers. Thank you to our guests, Peter Tilley and Jeff Randle. If you'd like to learn more, there's a link to the StatCan release on homelessness in the show notes.

Tegan: You can subscribe to this show wherever you get your podcasts. There, you can also find the French version of our show, called Hé-coutez bien! If you liked this show, please rate, review, and subscribe. And thanks for listening!

Labour Market Indicators – March 2025

In March 2025, questions measuring the Labour Market Indicators were added to the Labour Force Survey as a supplement.

Questionnaire flow within the collection application is controlled dynamically based on responses provided throughout the survey. Therefore, some respondents will not receive all questions, and there is a small chance that some households will not receive any questions at all. This is based on their answers to certain LFS questions.

Labour Market Indicators

ENTRY_Q01 / EQ 1 - From the following list, please select the household member that will be completing this questionnaire on behalf of the entire household.

LEV_Q01 / EQ 2 - In the last 12 months, did you take any paid sick leave at your main job? 

  1. Yes
  2. No

LEV_Q02 / EQ 3 - In the last 12 months, how many days of paid sick leave did you take at your main job? 

  1. Less than 1 day
  2. 1 to 5 days
  3. 6 to 10 days
  4. 11 to 15 days
  5. 16 to 20 days
  6. 21 to 25 days
  7. More than 25 days

LEV_Q03 / EQ 4 - In the last 12 months, did you take any paid vacation leave from your main job? 

  1. Yes
  2. No

LEV_Q04 / EQ 5 - In the last 12 months, how many days of paid vacation leave did you take from your main job? 

  1. Less than 1 day
  2. 1 to 5 days
  3. 6 to 10 days
  4. 11 to 15 days
  5. 16 to 20 days
  6. 21 to 25 days
  7. More than 25 days

SEM_Q01/ EQ 6 - Excluding coverage by the province or other government insurance, are you covered by any of the following plans?

  1. Supplementary health care plan
  2. Dental plan
  3. Disability insurance
    OR
  4. None of the above

SEM_Q02/ EQ 7 - What is the source of your benefit plans or insurance coverage?

  Spouse’s, partner’s or family members’ plan Plan purchased independently or as a self-employed person Plan purchased through an association Through an employer at another paid job Other
Supplementary health care plan          
Dental plan          
Disability insurance          

SEM_Q03/ EQ 8 - What is the main reason why you have not purchased a health, dental or disability plan?

  1. Not good value for money
  2. Cannot afford at this moment
  3. Keep putting it off
  4. Did not think about it
  5. Other 

Monthly Civil Aviation Survey - 2025

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey collects the main financial and operational data from the Canadian Level I air carriers needed to measure the growth and the performance of the airline industry. The information is also used by Statistics Canada as input to the Canadian System of National Accounts.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with Transport Canada and the Canadian Transportation Agency.

Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with the Canadian Transportation Agency by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at infostats or by fax at 1-514-496-4879.

Note that there is no right of refusal with respect to sharing of data with Transport Canada. Transport Canada has the legislative authority to collect this information on a mandatory basis pursuant to the Canada Transportation Act (CTA) and the Transportation Information Regulations. Transport Canada will use the information obtained in accordance with the provisions of its Act and Regulations.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name, and correct information if needed.

Note: Legal name should only be modified to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting "Not currently operational" and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name
  • Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information for the designated contact person for the business or organization, and correct information if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Preferred language of communication
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street)
  • City
  • Province, territory or state
  • Postal code or ZIP (Zone Improvement Plan) code:
  • Country
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
  • Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational - e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons why operations ceased
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but expected to reopen
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating because of other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System ( NAICS ). The NAICS is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS , are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the "Answering this questionnaire" section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classes; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity.
e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Main activity

5. You indicated that _ is not the current main activity. Was this business or organization's main activity ever classified as _ ?

  • Yes

When did the main activity change?

  • Date
  • No

Major air carriers key financial and operating statistics monthly survey

1. Please provide the details of this business's scheduled services by sector of operation during this reporting period.

Sector of operation
Refers to the regions where carriers provide transportation services. There are three breakdowns - domestic, transborder (Canada-US) and other international.

Domestic
Includes operations between points in Canada.

Transborder (Canada- US )
Includes operations between points in Canada and points in the United States (including Alaska, Hawaii and Puerto Rico).

Other international
Includes all other operations (including between points outside of Canada).

Scheduled services
Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by an aircraft provided by an air carrier that operates the air service and that, directly or indirectly, sells some or all of its seats or part or all of its cargo space to the public on a price per seat, price per unit of mass or price per volume of cargo basis.

Enplaned passengers
Refers to revenue passengers Footnote 1 who board aircraft and surrender one or more flight coupons or other documents good for transportation over the itinerary specified in these coupons or documents.

Passenger-kilometres
Represents the carriage of one revenue passenger on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Passenger-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown by all passengers.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Number of passengers = 5
Distance between points (km) = 161
Passenger-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Number of passengers = 4
Distance between points (km) = 322
Passenger-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of passenger-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor
To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

Available seat-kilometres
Represents the aircraft kilometres flown on each flight stage multiplied by the number of seats available for use on that stage. This represents the total passenger carrying capacity offered. Seats not actually available for the carriage of passengers should be excluded.

Enplaned goods
Refers to all types of non-passenger traffic. It includes priority freight, freight, mail and excess baggage for which revenue is obtained. Enplaned goods should be reported to the nearest kilogram.

Conversion factor
To convert pounds (lbs.) into kilograms (kg), multiply by 0.453592.

Goods tonne-kilometres
Represents the carriage of one tonne of goods on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Goods tonne-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown with all tonnes of goods.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Tonnes of goods = 5
Distance between points (km) = 161
Goods tonne-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Tonnes of goods = 4
Distance between points (km) = 322
Goods tonne-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of goods tonne-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor
To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

Available tonne-kilometres
Represents the aircraft kilometres flown on each flight stage multiplied by the usable weight capacity of the aircraft. This represents the load carrying capacity offered for passengers and/or goods.

Please provide the details of this business's scheduled services by sector of operation during this reporting period.
  Domestic Transborder
(Canada- US )
Other
international
Total
Scheduled services        
a. Number of enplaned passengers        
b. Number of passenger-kilometres        
c. Number of available seat-kilometres        
d. Enplaned goods
(kilograms)
       
e. Goods tonne-kilometres
(tonne-kilometres)
       
f. Available tonne-kilometres
(tonne-kilometres)
       

2. Please provide the details of this business's charter services during this reporting period.

Charter services
Transportation of passengers or goods, or both, by aircraft pursuant to a contract under which a person, other than the air carrier that operates the air service, or its agent, reserves a block of seats or part of the cargo space of an aircraft for the person's use or for resale to the public.
Include air ambulance service and the movement of people and goods to logging or heli-logging sites.

Exclude firefighting and heli-logging activities and the movement of people and goods to a firefighting site. The former Transport Canada TP 8880 document “Starting a Commercial Air Service” outlining a list of activities which are specialty has been replaced with a new document TP 4711 “Air Operator Certification Manual” as of December 2020. PDF version of volumes of this manual can be requested at: Air Operator Certification Manual – TP 4711.

Enplaned passengers
Refers to revenue passengers Footnote 1 who board aircraft and surrender one or more flight coupons or other documents good for transportation over the itinerary specified in these coupons or documents.

Passenger-kilometres
Represents the carriage of one revenue passenger on each flight stage multiplied by the number of kilometres flown on that stage. Passenger-kilometres are obtained by totalling the number of kilometres flown by all passengers.

Let's take an example with two flight stages, where:

Flight stage A to B
Number of passengers = 5
Distance between points (km) = 161
Passenger-kilometres = 805

Flight stage B to C
Number of passengers = 4
Distance between points (km) = 322
Passenger-kilometres = 1,288

The total number of passenger-kilometres for the flights covering A to B and B to C is 2,093.

Conversion factor
To convert nautical miles (6 080 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.852.
To convert statute miles (5 280 feet) into kilometres (km), multiply by 1.609344.

Available seat-kilometres
Represents the aircraft kilometres flown on each flight stage multiplied by the number of seats available for use on that stage. This represents the total passenger carrying capacity offered. Seats not actually available for the carriage of passengers should be excluded.

Please provide the details of this business's charter services during this reporting period.
  Total
Charter services  
a. Number of enplaned passengers  
b. Number of passenger-kilometres  
c. Number of available seat-kilometres  

3. What were the hours flown and the fuel consumed by this business during this reporting period?

Hours flown
Represents the block hours, in other words, the number of hours which elapsed between the time the aircraft started to move to commence a flight and the time the aircraft came to its final stop after the conclusion of a flight. Report the total number of block hours flown to the nearest hour.

Turbo fuel consumed
Include fuel used in both turboprop and jet aircraft.

Provide the quantity of turbo fuel consumed. Turbo fuel includes the turbine fuel uplifted for all aircraft in the carrier's fleet. Fuel uplift can be determined based on delivery notes or invoices, aircraft onboard measurement systems or, if the fuel was supplied by a customer, estimated based on hours flown. Include fuel consumed for all scheduled and/or charter operations, regardless of where purchased. Report the quantity of turbo fuel consumed in litres.

Conversion factor
To convert gallons (imperial) into litres (l), multiply by 4.546092.

What were the hours flown and the fuel consumed by this business during this reporting period?
  Total
All services - scheduled and charter services  
a. Number of hours flown  
b. Quantity of turbo fuel consumed (litres)
Include fuel used in both turboprop and jet aircraft.
 

4. What was the total operating revenue earned by this business during this reporting period?

Include revenue from air transportation services and all other sources.

Report this amount in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Total operating revenue
Include revenue from air transportation services (for example, transportation of passengers, transportation of goods and other flight-related revenue) and all other sources.

Total operating revenue

Attach files

5. Any revisions to previous submissions can be added to this questionnaire. Please attach the files that provide the information required for this survey.

To attach files

  • Press the Attach files button.
  • Choose the file to attach. Multiple files can be attached.

Note:

  • Each file must not exceed 5 MB .
  • All attachments combined must not exceed 50 MB .
  • The name and size of each file attached will be displayed on the page.

Changes or events

6. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
    • How many days in _ was this business or organization open?
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
    • How many days in _ was this business or organization open?
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
    • How many days in _ was this business or organization open?
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other
    • Specify the other change or event:
  • No changes or events

Contact person

7. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information. Is the Provided Given Name, Provided Family Name the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
  • Fax number (including area code)

Feedback

8. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

  • Hours
  • Minutes

9. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Enter your comments

Variant of NAICS Canada 2022 version 1.0 – Annual Financial and Taxation Statistics for Enterprises (AFTS)

Variant of NAICS Canada 2022 version 1.0 – Annual Financial and Taxation Statistics for Enterprises (AFTS)
Industry grouping name Code NAICS codes of the industries included in the grouping
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 11  
Oil and gas extraction and support services 21A 211110, 211141, 211142, 213111, 213118
Mining and quarrying (except oil and gas) and support activities 21B 212114, 212115, 212116, 212210, 212220, 212231, 212232, 212233, 212291, 212299, 212314, 212315, 212316, 212317, 212323, 212326, 212392, 212393, 212394, 212395, 212396, 212397, 212398, 213117, 213119
Utilities 22  
Construction 23  
Food and soft drink and ice manufacturing 31A 311111, 311119, 311211, 311214, 311221, 311224, 311225, 311230, 311310, 311340, 311351, 311352, 311410, 311420, 311511, 311515, 311520, 311614, 311615, 311616, 311617, 311619, 311710, 311811, 311814, 311821, 311824, 311830, 311911, 311919, 311920, 311930, 311940, 311990, 312110
Alcohol beverage, tobacco and cannabis product manufacturing 312A 312120, 312130, 312140, 312210, 312220, 312310
Wood product and paper manufacturing 32A 321111, 321112, 321114, 321211, 321212, 321215, 321216, 321217, 321911, 321919, 321920, 321991, 321992, 321999, 322111, 322112, 322121, 322122, 322130, 322211, 322212, 322219, 322220, 322230, 322291, 322299
Petroleum and coal product manufacturing 324 324110, 324121, 324122, 324190
Basic chemical manufacturing and resin, synthetic rubber, and artificial and synthetic fibres and filaments manufacturing 325A 325110, 325120, 325130, 325181, 325189, 325190, 325210, 325220
Pharmaceutical and medecine manufacturing, and soap, agricultural chemicals, paint and other chemical product manufacturing 325B 325313, 325314, 325320, 325410, 325510, 325520, 325610, 325620, 325910, 325920, 325991, 325999
Plastics and rubber products manufacturing 326  
Non-metallic mineral product manufacturing 327  
Primary metal and fabricated metal product and machinery manufacturing 33A 331110, 331210, 331221, 331222, 331313, 331317, 331410, 331420, 331490, 331511, 331514, 331523, 331529, 332113, 332118, 332210, 332311, 332314, 332319, 332321, 332329, 332410, 332420, 332431, 332439, 332510, 332611, 332619, 332710, 332720, 332810, 332910, 332991, 332999, 333110, 333120, 333130, 333245, 333246, 333247, 333248, 333310, 333413, 333416, 333511, 333519, 333611, 333619, 333910, 333920, 333990
Computer and electronic equipment manufacturing 334  
Motor vehicle and trailer manufacturing 336A 336110, 336120, 336211, 336212, 336215
Motor vehicle parts manufacturing 3363  
Air, rail and ship products and other transportation equipment manufacturing 336B 336410, 336510, 336611, 336612, 336990
Clothing, textile and leather manufacturing, and furniture and other manufacturing 3A 313110, 313210, 313220, 313230, 313240, 313310, 313320, 314110, 314120, 314910, 314990, 315120, 315210, 315250, 315281, 315990, 316110, 316210, 316990, 323113, 323114, 323115, 323116, 323119, 323120, 335130, 335210, 335223, 335229, 335311, 335312, 335315, 335910, 335920, 335930, 335990, 337110, 337121, 337123, 337126, 337127, 337213, 337214, 337215, 337910, 337920, 339110, 339910, 339920, 339930, 339940, 339950, 339990
Motor vehicle and motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers 415  
Building material and supplies merchant wholesalers 416  
Machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers 417  
Other wholesalers 41A 411110, 411120, 411130, 411190, 412110, 413110, 413120, 413130, 413140, 413150, 413160, 413190, 413210, 413220, 413310, 413410, 414110, 414120, 414130, 414210, 414220, 414310, 414320, 414330, 414390, 414410, 414420, 414430, 414440, 414450, 414460, 414470, 414510, 414520, 418110, 418120, 418190, 418210, 418220, 418310, 418320, 418390, 418410, 418510, 418610, 418930, 418990, 419110, 419120
Motor vehicle and parts dealers 441  
Food and beverage stores 445  
Clothing, sporting goods, department and general merchandise stores 44A 455110, 455211, 455212, 455219, 458111, 458112, 458113, 458114, 458115, 458116, 458119, 458210, 458310, 458320, 459111, 459112, 459113, 459119, 459120, 459130, 459140, 459210
Other retailers 44B 444110, 444120, 444140, 444180, 444230, 444240, 445132, 449110, 449121, 449122, 449123, 449129, 449211, 449212, 449213, 449214, 456110, 456120, 456130, 456191, 456199, 457110, 457120, 457211, 457212, 457219, 459310, 459410, 459420, 459510, 459910, 459920, 459930, 459992, 459993, 459999
Transportation, postal and couriers services, and transportation support activities 4A 481110, 481214, 481215, 482112, 482113, 482114, 483115, 483116, 483213, 483214, 484110, 484121, 484122, 484210, 484221, 484222, 484223, 484229, 484231, 484232, 484233, 484239, 485110, 485210, 485310, 485320, 485410, 485510, 485990, 487110, 487210, 487990, 488111, 488119, 488190, 488210, 488310, 488320, 488331, 488332, 488339, 488390, 488410, 488490, 488511, 488519, 488990, 491110, 492110, 492210
Pipeline transportation 486  
Warehousing 493  
Publishing, motion picture and sound recording, broadcasting, and information services 51A 512110, 512120, 512130, 512190, 512230, 512240, 512250, 512290, 513110, 513120, 513130, 513140, 513190, 513211, 513212, 516110, 516120, 516211, 516212, 516219, 518210, 519211, 519212, 519290
Telecommunications 517  
Real estate 531  
Automotive, machinery and equipment, other rental and leasing 53A 532111, 532112, 532120, 532210, 532280, 532310, 532410, 532420, 532490, 533110
Professional, scientific, technical services 54  
Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services 56  
Education, health care, social service 6A 611110, 611210, 611310, 611410, 611420, 611430, 611510, 611610, 611620, 611630, 611690, 611710, 621110, 621210, 621310, 621320, 621330, 621340, 621390, 621410, 621420, 621494, 621499, 621510, 621610, 621911, 621912, 621990, 622111, 622112, 622210, 622310, 623110, 623210, 623221, 623222, 623310, 623991, 623992, 623993, 623999, 624110, 624120, 624190, 624210, 624220, 624230, 624310, 624410
Arts, entertainment and recreation, and accommodation and food services 7A 711111, 711112, 711120, 711130, 711190, 711213, 711214, 711215, 711217, 711311, 711319, 711321, 711322, 711329, 711411, 711412, 711511, 711512, 711513, 712111, 712115, 712119, 712120, 712130, 712190, 713110, 713120, 713210, 713291, 713299, 713910, 713920, 713930, 713940, 713950, 713991, 713992, 713999, 721111, 721112, 721113, 721114, 721120, 721191, 721192, 721198, 721211, 721212, 721213, 721310, 722310, 722320, 722330, 722410, 722511, 722512
Repair, maintenance, personal services 81A 811111, 811113, 811121, 811122, 811192, 811199, 811210, 811310, 811411, 811412, 811420, 811430, 811490, 812114, 812115, 812116, 812190, 812210, 812220, 812310, 812320, 812330, 812910, 812921, 812922, 812930, 812990
Religious, grant-making, civic, and professional and similar organizations 81B 813210, 813310, 813410, 813910, 813920 ,813930, 813990
Banking and other depository credit intermediation 5221A 522111, 522112, 522190
Local credit unions 522130  
Credit card issuing, sales financing and consumer lending 5222A 522210, 522220, 522291
All other non-depository credit intermediation 522299  
Central credit unions 522321  
Financial transactions, loan brokers, processing and other activities related to credit intermediation 5223B 522310, 522329, 522390
Securities and commodity contracts dealing 5231A 523110, 523130
Securities and commodity brokerage 5231B 523120, 523140
Miscellaneous intermediation  523910  
Securities and commodity exchanges and portfolio management and miscellaneous financial investment activity 523A 523210, 523920, 523930, 523990
Life, health and medical insurance carriers 5241A 524111, 524112, 524131, 524132
Property and casualty insurance carriers 5241B 524121, 524122, 524123, 524124, 524125, 524129, 524133, 524134, 524135, 524139
Agencies, brokerages and other insurance related activities 5242  

Requests for information – Business and consumer services and culture

Under the authority of the Statistics Act, Statistics Canada is hereby requesting the following information which will be used solely for statistical and research purposes and will be protected in accordance with the provisions of the Statistics Act and any other applicable law. This is a mandatory request for data.

Culture

Data on Canadian film production companies receiving federal subsidies

What information is being requested?

The information required includes the total salaries paid and subsidies received for all businesses and productions that have applied for a Federal Film and Video Tax Credit managed by The Canadian Audio-Visual Certification Office (CAVCO).

What personal information is included in this request?

This request does not contain any personal information.

What years of data will be requested?

The reference year 2023 and then ongoing on a yearly basis.

From whom will the information be requested?

Heritage Canada

Why is this information being requested?

These new data on wage subsidies will feed into the Film, Television and Video Production Survey, improving the quality of data produced. These improved data will in turn feed into the Macro-Economic Accounts, contributing to key government decisions involving the management of the economy and services to Canadians.

Statistics Canada may also use the information for other statistical and research purposes.

Why were these organizations selected as data providers?

Heritage Canada’s Canadian Audio-Visual Certification Office is the administrator of the federal Canadian Film or Video Production Tax Credit program.

When will this information be requested?

March 2025

What Statistics Canada programs will primarily use these data?

When was this request published?

March 11, 2025

Annual Retail Trade Survey: CVs for operating revenue – 2023

Annual Retail Trade Survey: CVs for operating revenue – 2023
Table summary
This table displays the results of Annual Retail Trade Survey: CVs for operating revenue – 2023. The information is grouped by Geography (appearing as row headers), CVs for operating revenue and percent (appearing as column headers).
Geography CVs for operating revenue
percent
Canada 0.16
Newfoundland and Labrador 0.31
Prince Edward Island 0.28
Nova Scotia 0.75
New Brunswick 0.33
Quebec 0.29
Ontario 0.17
Manitoba 0.31
Saskatchewan 0.17
Alberta 0.23
British Columbia 0.83
Yukon 0.26
Northwest Territories 0.05
Nunavut 0.00

Retail Commodity Survey: CVs for Total Sales (December 2024)

Retail Commodity Survey: CVs for Total Sales (December 2024)
Table summary
This table displays the results of Retail Commodity Survey: CVs for Total Sales (December 2024). The information is grouped by NAPCS-CANADA (appearing as row headers), and Month (appearing as column headers).
NAPCS-CANADA Month
202409 202410 202411 202412
Total commodities, retail trade commissions and miscellaneous services 0.64 0.58 0.55 0.56
Retail Services (except commissions) [561] 0.63 0.57 0.55 0.55
Food and beverages at retail [56111] 0.41 0.37 0.37 0.37
Cannabis products, at retail [56113] 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Clothing at retail [56121] 1.26 1.10 0.62 0.51
Jewellery and watches, luggage and briefcases, at retail [56123] 2.40 2.05 2.08 2.18
Footwear at retail [56124] 1.15 0.96 1.12 0.94
Home furniture, furnishings, housewares, appliances and electronics, at retail [56131] 0.88 0.95 0.79 0.87
Sporting and leisure products (except publications, audio and video recordings, and game software), at retail [56141] 2.88 2.26 2.47 2.02
Publications at retail [56142] 5.05 6.68 7.35 4.63
Audio and video recordings, and game software, at retail [56143] 3.21 9.30 4.76 7.59
Motor vehicles at retail [56151] 2.20 1.84 1.75 2.05
Recreational vehicles at retail [56152] 3.10 3.74 4.49 5.46
Motor vehicle parts, accessories and supplies, at retail [56153] 1.42 1.36 1.40 1.41
Automotive and household fuels, at retail [56161] 1.37 1.54 1.64 1.60
Home health products at retail [56171] 3.18 3.26 3.37 3.56
Infant care, personal and beauty products, at retail [56172] 2.40 2.62 2.38 2.64
Hardware, tools, renovation and lawn and garden products, at retail [56181] 1.70 1.51 1.66 1.59
Miscellaneous products at retail [56191] 2.46 2.48 2.36 1.93
Retail trade commissions [562] 1.91 1.61 1.69 1.86

Monthly Passenger Bus and Urban Transit Survey - 2025

Why are we conducting this survey?

This survey is conducted by Statistics Canada in order to collect the necessary information to support the Integrated Business Statistics Program (IBSP). This program combines various survey and administrative data to develop comprehensive measures of the Canadian economy.

This survey collects data essential for the statistical analysis of the passenger bus industry and its impact on the Canadian economy.

Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Your participation in this survey is required under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Other important information

Authorization to collect this information

Data are collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19.

Confidentiality

By law, Statistics Canada is prohibited from releasing any information it collects that could identify any person, business or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent, or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes only.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada may combine the acquired data with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Data-sharing agreements

To reduce the response burden, Statistics Canada has entered into data sharing agreements with provincial and territorial statistical agencies and other government organizations, which have agreed to keep the data confidential and use them only for statistical purposes. Statistics Canada will only share data from this survey with those organizations that have demonstrated a requirement to use the data.

Section 11 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with provincial and territorial statistical agencies that meet certain conditions. These agencies must have the legislative authority to collect the same information, on a mandatory basis, and the legislation must provide substantially the same provisions for confidentiality and penalties for disclosure of confidential information as the Statistics Act. Because these agencies have the legal authority to compel businesses to provide the same information, consent is not requested and businesses may not object to the sharing of the data.

For this survey, there are Section 11 agreements with the provincial and territorial statistical agencies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, British Columbia and the Yukon.

The shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

Section 12 of the Statistics Act provides for the sharing of information with federal, provincial or territorial government organizations. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with any of these organizations by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician, specifying the organizations with which you do not want Statistics Canada to share your data and mailing it to the following address:

Chief Statistician of Canada
Statistics Canada
Attention of Director, Enterprise Statistics Division
150 Tunney's Pasture Driveway
Ottawa, Ontario
K1A 0T6

You may also contact us by email at infostats or by fax at 1-514-496-4879.

For this survey, there are Section 12 agreements with the statistical agencies of Prince Edward Island and Northwest Territories, as well as with the Ontario Ministry of Transportation.

For agreements with provincial and territorial government organizations, the shared data will be limited to information pertaining to business establishments located within the jurisdiction of the respective province or territory.

There is also a Section 12 agreement with Transport Canada. Federally-regulated carriers under the authority of the Canada Transportation Act (CTA) and pursuant to the Transportation Information Regulations do not have the right to object to sharing their information with Transport Canada. Carriers which are not federally regulated may object to sharing their information with Transport Canada by writing to the Chief Statistician. Transport Canada will use the information obtained from federally-regulated carriers in accordance with the provisions of the CTA and Regulations.

Statistics Canada will also share your information under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Infrastructure Canada, unless you refuse.

Business or organization and contact information

1. Verify or provide the business or organization's legal and operating name, and correct information if needed.

Note: Legal name should only be modified to correct a spelling error or typo.

Legal name

The legal name is one recognized by law, thus it is the name liable for pursuit or for debts incurred by the business or organization. In the case of a corporation, it is the legal name as fixed by its charter or the statute by which the corporation was created.

Modifications to the legal name should only be done to correct a spelling error or typo.

To indicate a legal name of another legal entity you should instead indicate it in question 3 by selecting "Not currently operational" and then choosing the applicable reason and providing the legal name of this other entity along with any other requested information.

Operating name

The operating name is a name the business or organization is commonly known as if different from its legal name. The operating name is synonymous with trade name.

  • Legal name
  • Operating name (if applicable)

2. Verify or provide the contact information for the designated contact person for the business or organization, and correct information if needed.

Note: The designated contact person is the person who should receive this questionnaire. The designated contact person may not always be the one who actually completes the questionnaire.

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Preferred language of communication
    • English
    • French
  • Mailing address (number and street)
  • City
  • Province, territory or state
  • Postal code or ZIP (Zone Improvement Plan) code
  • Country
    • Canada
    • United States
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
  • Fax number (including area code)

3. Verify or provide the current operational status of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

  • Operational
  • Not currently operational - e.g., temporarily or permanently closed, change of ownership
    Why is this business or organization not currently operational?
    • Seasonal operations
      • When did this business or organization close for the season?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
    • Ceased operations
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Bankruptcy
        • Liquidation
        • Dissolution
        • Other - Specify the other reasons why operations ceased
    • Sold operations
      • When was this business or organization sold?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the buyer?
    • Amalgamated with other businesses or organizations
      • When did this business or organization amalgamate?
        • Date
      • What is the legal name of the resulting or continuing business or organization?
      • What are the legal names of the other amalgamated businesses or organizations?
    • Temporarily inactive but expected to reopen
      • When did this business or organization become temporarily inactive?
        • Date
      • When does this business or organization expect to resume operations?
        • Date
      • Why is this business or organization temporarily inactive?
    • No longer operating because of other reasons
      • When did this business or organization cease operations?
        • Date
      • Why did this business or organization cease operations?

4. Verify or provide the current main activity of the business or organization identified by the legal and operating name above.

Note: The described activity was assigned using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS).

This question verifies the business or organization's current main activity as classified by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is an industry classification system developed by the statistical agencies of Canada, Mexico and the United States. Created against the background of the North American Free Trade Agreement, it is designed to provide common definitions of the industrial structure of the three countries and a common statistical framework to facilitate the analysis of the three economies. NAICS is based on supply-side or production-oriented principles, to ensure that industrial data, classified to NAICS, are suitable for the analysis of production-related issues such as industrial performance.

The target entity for which NAICS is designed are businesses and other organizations engaged in the production of goods and services. They include farms, incorporated and unincorporated businesses and government business enterprises. They also include government institutions and agencies engaged in the production of marketed and non-marketed services, as well as organizations such as professional associations and unions and charitable or non-profit organizations and the employees of households.

The associated NAICS should reflect those activities conducted by the business or organizational units targeted by this questionnaire only, as identified in the "Answering this questionnaire" section and which can be identified by the specified legal and operating name. The main activity is the activity which most defines the targeted business or organization's main purpose or reason for existence. For a business or organization that is for-profit, it is normally the activity that generates the majority of the revenue for the entity.

The NAICS classification contains a limited number of activity classes; the associated classification might be applicable for this business or organization even if it is not exactly how you would describe this business or organization's main activity.

Please note that any modifications to the main activity through your response to this question might not necessarily be reflected prior to the transmitting of subsequent questionnaires and as a result they may not contain this updated information.

The following is the detailed description including any applicable examples or exclusions for the classification currently associated with this business or organization.

Description and examples

  • This is the current main activity
  • This is not the current main activity

Provide a brief but precise description of this business or organization's main activity.

e.g., breakfast cereal manufacturing, shoe store, software development

Reporting period information

1. What is the start and end date of this business or organization's reporting period for MM-YYYY ?

Start date

End date

2. What is the reason the reporting period does not cover at least 28 days?

Select all that apply.

  • Seasonal operations
  • New business
  • Change of ownership
  • Temporarily inactive
  • Change of fiscal year
  • Ceased operations
  • Other - Specify other reason the reporting period does not cover at least 28 days

Operating information

1. What were the total operating revenues?

Exclude subsidies.

  • CAN$

2. What was the total number of passengers?

  • Number of passengers

Attach Files

1. If you have revisions to previous months' data, you can now attach up to five files by following the instructions provided below.

To attach files

  • Select Attach files.
  • Choose the file to attach. Multiple files can be attached.

Note:

  • Each file must not exceed 5 MB.
  • All attachments combined must not exceed 50 MB.
  • The name and size of each file attached will be displayed on the page.

Changes or events

1. Indicate any changes or events that affected the reported values for this business or organization, compared with the last reporting period.

Select all that apply.

  • Strike or lock-out
    • How many days in _ was this business or organization open?
  • Exchange rate impact
  • Price changes in goods or services sold
  • Contracting out
  • Organizational change
  • Price changes in labour or raw materials
  • Natural disaster
    • How many days in _ was this business or organization open?
  • Recession
  • Change in product line
  • Sold business or business units
  • Expansion
  • New or lost contract
  • Plant closures
    • How many days in _ was this business or organization open?
  • Acquisition of business or business units
  • Other
    • Specify the other change or event
  • No changes or events

Contact person

2. Statistics Canada may need to contact the person who completed this questionnaire for further information.

Is the provided given name and the provided family name the best person to contact?

  • Yes
  • No

Who is the best person to contact about this questionnaire?

  • First name
  • Last name
  • Title
  • Email address
  • Telephone number (including area code)
  • Extension number (if applicable)
  • Fax number (including area code)

Feedback

3. How long did it take to complete this questionnaire?

Include the time spent gathering the necessary information.

Hours:

Minutes:

4. Do you have any comments about this questionnaire?

Enter your comments

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