Introduction

The Canadian Housing Statistics Program (CHSP) aims to provide detailed insights on residential properties in Canada and their owners. However, certain estimates are subject to limitations or may not be available for some jurisdictions or variable types because of differences in data sources, regional coverage and processing steps.

The purpose of this document is to help the reader interpret and use data from the CHSP. It outlines key data quality considerations and specific limitations affecting the availability and comparability of estimates across some domains.

To consult changes that are specific to a given reference year, please refer to the Summary of changes - Surveys and statistical programs - Canadian Housing Statistics Program (CHSP).

Data processing

• Random rounding is applied to all raw counts to protect the confidentiality of owners in the totals. Totals and subtotals may not equal the sum of components.
• Percentages are calculated from rounded counts.
• Averages and medians are calculated using only non-missing, non-null, and values greater than zero for the variables of interest (for example, assessment value, total living area and total income).
• Assessment value per square foot refers to the assessment value of a property divided by its total living area.
• Some property or owner characteristics are in the "unspecified" category either because the corresponding information was not received from the data provider or because there is no identifiable link connecting the property to the owner information. Therefore, users must take this limitation into account when interpreting the data.
• Previous reference period estimates are subject to revision.
• Each year, geocoding is updated based on the best available location information, which may result in slight variations in the counts of census subdivisions from one year to the next.

Universe of property tables

The tables 46-10-0093, 46-10-0094 and 46-10-0095 are restricted to residential properties in Canada. The geographic location of a property is determined by its physical address. Mixed-use properties (e.g., residential and commercial) are included, but the property characteristics reported in the tables reflect only the residential portion of mixed-use properties. The universe covers residential properties across Canada. However, it does not cover residential properties located on reserves or collective dwellings. It also excludes commercial, industrial, and institutional properties.

Universe of owner tables

The tables 46-10-0030 and 46-10-0069 include all residential property owners at the provincial level. However, table 46-10-0030 also provides data on buyers, who are property owners who acquired a property, either on or off the market, between January 1 and December 31 of the previous reference year.

The tables 46-10-0096, 46-10-0097 and 46-10-0098 are restricted to resident owners who are persons occupying their residential property. An owner's geographic location is determined by the location of the occupied property.

In the case of Nunavut, where information on owner-occupied properties is unavailable, the universe includes all resident owners who are persons without restrictions on owner-occupancy. For owners with multiple properties, the geographic location and property characteristics are based on the residential property with the highest assessment value.

Universe of buyer table

The table 46-10-0099 is restricted to resident buyers who are persons who filed their T1 tax return form in the previous year and purchased a property in a market sale.

Data availability and limitations

Newfoundland and Labrador

• Estimates are not available at the provincial level and for the category "outside of census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs)."
• Estimates by property type are available only for the census subdivision of St. John's.

Prince Edward Island

• Estimates of total living area and assessment value per square foot are not available.

New Brunswick

• Estimates of total living area and assessment value per square foot for condominium apartments are not available.
• The "total, all property types" category excludes condominium apartments; therefore, users should consider this limitation when interpreting estimates of total living area and assessment value per square foot for this group.

Manitoba

• Estimates by property use of residential property are suppressed in many areas due to lower linkage quality.
• The estimate of the number of owner-occupied residential property is underestimated due to the quality of the linkage.

Saskatchewan

• Provincial estimates exclude the census subdivision of Prince Albert.
• Owner-related variables are not available because of missing owners' information.

Alberta

• Estimates by property use and residency status of residential property are suppressed due to low data quality.
• The number of resident owners who are persons occupying a residential property, which represent the universe of the owner tables, is underestimated due to the low linkage quality. Therefore, the number of owners should be interpreted with caution.

Yukon

• Estimates by property use and residency status of residential property are available only for the census subdivision (CSD) of Whitehorse.
• The number of resident owners who are persons occupying a residential property, which represent the universe of the owner tables, is underestimated due to the low linkage quality outside the CSD of Whitehorse. Therefore, the number of owners outside this CSD should be interpreted with caution.

Northwest Territories

• Data are available only for the CA of Yellowknife.
• Estimates by property type and period of construction are not available.
• Estimates of total living area and assessment value per square foot are not available.

Nunavut

• Estimates by property type, period of construction and property use are not available.
• Estimates of total living area and assessment value per square foot are not available.

Variable-specific limitations

Property use of residential property

• The property use indicator is suppressed outside CMAs and CAs due to low linkage quality. It may also be removed in certain regions where its reliability has been deemed insufficient.
• For the most recent period of construction, the property use indicator is less precise. Consequently, these estimates should be used with caution.

Owner-occupancy

• The quality of the linkage is unreliable outside CMAs and CAs, leading to an underestimation of the number of resident owners who are persons occupying a residential property, which represents the universe of the owner tables (except for Nunavut). Therefore, Census Subdivisions (CSDs) located outside CMAs and CAs are not included in the owner tables. Although aggregate estimates for the category "outside of census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs)" are still provided, the number of owners in this category should be interpreted with caution.

Assessment value

• Because provinces and territories have varying assessment periods and assessment roll durations from one region to another, it is not possible to make precise comparisons between the assessment values of properties located in different provinces or territories. To obtain the reference years for property assessment values, please refer to the document linked on the CHSP web page: Reference years of the property stock and assessment values, by province and territory.

Number of residential properties owned

• The number of properties owned by the property owner is limited to residential properties that are within a given province.

Sale Price

• Estimates of property sale prices are limited to transactions conducted on the market and are available only for residents.

Number of Buyers

• Estimates of the number of buyers are restricted to residents only.

Composite quality indicator

The composite quality indicators (CQI) combine multiple individual quality indicators (QIs) representing the quality of various CHSP data processing steps (for example, coding, geocoding, linkage, imputation). The CQIs are available for certain tables, such as the following:

Table 46-10-0093-01 Residential properties by characteristics, property use and ownership type

Table 46-10-0094-01 Residential properties by characteristics and residency status.

The CQI letter grades are defined as follows:

A – Excellent: All domain variables and the variable of interest are of excellent quality.

B – Very good: All domain variables and the variable of interest are of very good to excellent quality.

C – Good: The quality of some of the domain variables or the variable of interest is considered good, while all the other variables are of very good to excellent quality.

D – Acceptable: The quality of some of the domain variables or the variable of interest is considered acceptable, while all the other variables are of good to excellent quality.

E – Use with caution: The quality of several domain variables or the variable of interest is considered poor.

F – Too unreliable to be published

Information for respondents

This information is collected under the authority of the Statistics Act, Revised Statutes of Canada, 1985, Chapter S-19. Completion of this questionnaire is a legal requirement under this act.

Survey Objective

This survey collects information that is necessary for monitoring federal patent, royalty and licensing related activities in Canada, and to support the development of science and technology policy. The survey is conducted by Statistics Canada, on behalf of Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED). The data collected will be used by federal science policy analysts. Your information may also be used by Statistics Canada for other statistical and research purposes.

Confidentiality

Your answers are confidential. Statistics Canada is prohibited by law from releasing any information it collects which could identify any person, business, or organization, unless consent has been given by the respondent or as permitted by the Statistics Act. Statistics Canada will use the information from this survey for statistical purposes.

Security of emails and faxes

Statistics Canada advises you that there could be a risk of disclosure during the transmission of information by facsimile or e-mail. However, upon receipt, Statistics Canada will provide the guaranteed level of protection afforded all information collected under the authority of the Statistics Act.

Data sharing agreement

To reduce response burden and to ensure more uniform statistics, Statistics Canada has entered into an agreement under Section 12 of the Statistics Act with Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada (ISED) for sharing information from this survey. ISED has agreed to keep the information confidential and use it only for statistical purposes. Under Section 12, you may refuse to share your information with ISED by writing a letter of objection to the Chief Statistician and returning it with the completed questionnaire. You may also contact us by email at infostats@statcan.gc.ca or by fax at 1-514-496-4879.

Record linkages

To enhance the data from this survey and to minimize the reporting burden, Statistics Canada may combine it with information from other surveys or from administrative sources.

Authorization

I hereby authorize Statistics Canada to disclose any or all portions of the data supplied on this questionnaire that could identify this department.

• Yes
• No

Department or agency:

Name of person authorized to sign:

Signature:

Program Official position:

E-mail address:

Telephone number:

Extension:

Section 1 - Identifying intellectual property (IP)

1.1 – Reports and disclosures

Please indicate the number of new instances of Intellectual Property reported or disclosed during the reference year, April 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025. The types of Intellectual Property are defined in the Respondent Guide, Section 4.1.

Intellectual Property: Number of new IP reports and disclosures

• Inventions
• Copyrightable IP
• Trademarks
• New plant varieties
• Know-how
• Other (please specify):

1.2 - Reports and disclosures resulting in protection activity

Please indicate how many instances of Intellectual Property (not necessarily new) resulted in protection activity by this organization during the reference year, April 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025. The types of Intellectual Property are defined in the Respondent Guide, Section 4.1.

Intellectual Property: Number of IP reports and disclosures resulting in protection activity

• Inventions
• Copyrightable IP
• Trademarks
• New plant varieties
• Other (please specify):

Section 2 - Patents

2.1 – Patent applications filed and issued

Please report the number of patent applications filed and issued during the reference year, April 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025.

Patent activity: Count

• Total patent applications filed
• Total patents issued

2.2 – Patent applications held or pending

Please report the number of patent applications held and pending at the end of the reference year, as of March 31, 2025.

Patent activity: Count

• Total patents held (including patents issued)
• Total patents pending

Section 3 - Licences

3.1 – New and active licences

Please report the number of new licences executed during the reference year, April 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025.

Please report the number of active licences at the end of the reference year, as of March 31, 2025.

Include Canadian and foreign licences. Please see the Respondent Guide, Section 4.3.1, for detailed definitions.

New licences executed: Count:

• Royalty-bearing
• Royalty-free
• Total

Active licences: Count

• Royalty-bearing
• Royalty-free
• Total

3.2 – Income received from licensed IP

Please specify the total income received from licensed IP during the reference year, April 1, 2024, to March 31, 2025.

Report amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars and in whole numbers only (no decimals).

Income received from  licensed IP: Total CAD$ (in thousands of Canadian dollars)

• Income received from  licensed IP

Section 4 - Respondent guide

This questionnaire, in general, covers the intellectual property generated from R&D activities. We acknowledge that commercializable IP arises from other activities as well and that it may be difficult to differentiate. Whenever possible, please report figures for IP generated from R&D activities. If this is not possible, please note that the figures include IP generated from non-R&D activities.

If exact numbers are not readily available, please provide estimates with a note indicating this.

Please do not leave any question blank. Enter «0» if the value is known to be zero. If the data are not available, enter «..». In cases where the question is not applicable, enter "N/A".

This guide may provide specific examples to further clarify broadly defined categories or terms. Sometimes example lists are misinterpreted as inclusion lists. If you are unsure of any definitions, please reach out to your StatCan contact during the collection period. Please do not report for joint IP to avoid multi-counting issues.

Report all dollar amounts in thousands of Canadian dollars.

Notes on survey questions

4.1. Notes for Section 1 - Identifying Intellectual Property (IP)

• Invention: Includes any new and useful art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement in any art, process, machine, manufacture or composition of matter (Public Servants Inventions Act. R.S., c. P-31, s. 1.). Some inventions are patentable in some jurisdictions but not in others: these include novel genetically-engineered life forms, new microbial life forms, methods of medical treatment and computer software.
• Copyrightable IP: Copyright protection applies to all original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works provided the conditions set out in section 5 of the Copyright Act have been met. Each of these general categories covers a wide range of creations. Examples are provided below:
  • literary works such as books, pamphlets, computer programs, software and other works consisting of text
  • dramatic works such as motion picture films, plays, screenplays and scripts
  • musical works such as musical compositions with or without words
  • artistic works such as paintings, drawings, maps, photographs, sculptures and plans

We understand that it is hard to count all copyrightable IP. For Section 1.1, please provide the number of copyrightable IP reported or disclosed to your departmental IP office by employees of your department during the reference period. For Section 1.2, please report any copyrights registered with the Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO) during the reference period. 

For survey purposes, please exclude journal articles from your reporting.

• Trademarks: These are words, symbols, designs, or combinations thereof used to distinguish your wares or services from someone else's. Trademarks are registered with the Canadian Intellectual Property Office.
• New plant varieties: Certain plant varieties that are new, different, uniform and stable may be protected by registration with the Plant Breeders' Rights Office, Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
• Know-how: This is practical knowledge, technique or expertise. For example, certain information is codified in the patent application, but a researcher’s know-how could be valuable for commercial optimization of the product. Know-how can be licensed independently of the terms of a related patent.

Notes for Section 1.2: Please report the number of IP resulting in protection activity, not the number of times protection activity occurred. For example, if one invention has multiple patents, this should be counted once since there is only one IP involved. Know-how is not applicable for this section because Know-how is not formally protected.

4.2. Notes for Section 2 - Patents

Total patent applications filed: Please include in your total:

• Initiating patent applications: includes provisional or first filings. Please report for any initiating patent applications during the reference period, even if they were revoked at a later date.
• Follow-on patent applications: includes any that claim priority from an initiating patent application.

Total patents issued includes patents that have been approved for protection during the reference period.

Total patents held is the total number of patents owned or controlled at the end of the reference period. It includes patents issued, such that they were still held at the end of the reference period.

Total patents pending includes any patents filed during or before the reference period that have not been issued yet. Please report the total number of patents pending at the end of the reference period.

Note: International (for example, Patent Cooperation Treaty applications, PCT) and regional applications (e.g., European Patent Office applications) should be counted as single applications. This means a patent family only needs to be counted once. Filed patents not yet issued may be pending. If filed during the reference period, these pending patents would be captured by Total patent applications filed.

4.3.1. Notes for Section 3.1 - New and active licences

New licences executed refers to the number of new licence agreements completed during the reference period. Please include both Canadian and foreign licences in your count.

Active licences refers to the number of existing licence agreements in place at the end of the reference period. This includes any ongoing, new, amended or renegotiated licence agreements in place at the end of the reference period. Please include both Canadian and foreign licences in your count.

Royalty bearing licences refers to licence agreements where licensees compensate IP owners for use of their IP. Compensation to the IP owner can take different forms (% of sales, lump sum payments, equity, etc.). Compared to total licences, this portion of licences aligns better with the dollar amounts in Section 3.2.

Royalty-free licences refers to licence agreements without set compensation for IP owners. The licensee is generally required to respect established conditions but does not provide payment to benefit from the IP rights. While these licences do not generate income for federal departments, they allow licensees to use federal department IP to benefit Canadians.

Note: Please exclude click/wordwrap end user licence agreements (EULAs) including open government licences, and EULAs associated with free downloadable software.

4.3.2. Notes for Section 3.2 - Income received from licensed IP

Income received from licensed IP refers to all income received through IP commercialization during the reference period. This includes income from any royalty structure, for example, sales-based, milestone payments, minimum annual royalties, etc. It also includes income from one-time sales of IP, contributions or fees from licensees, and any other income generated through commercializing IP.

Note: If expired licences generated revenue during the reference period, please still report these amounts. Please exclude click/wordwrap end user licence agreements (EULAs) including open government licences, and EULAs associated with free downloadable software.

The science behind our surveys: How we ensure quality and reduce burden

Every survey matters, and every response helps paint a more complete picture of Canada.

When you or your business is selected to take part in a Statistics Canada survey, it’s because you represent others with similar experiences. Your input helps ensure that everyone’s voice is counted, not just the loudest or most visible ones.

Statistics Canada uses scientific methods to choose participants in a fair and unbiased way. Each person or business selected plays an important role in making sure the results accurately reflect the population as a whole. We don’t add, swap, or remove people or businesses once a sample is chosen; this keeps results unbiased and representative.

How we make sure your time counts

We know your time is valuable. That’s why we use sampling—a scientific way to learn about the whole by asking a smaller, representative group. We also use existing information whenever possible from government programs or other reliable public sources, so fewer people need to respond. This approach

• keeps surveys shorter and less frequent
• reduces the time and effort needed from participants
• produces accurate, balanced results that reflect all of Canada.

In some rare cases, such as the Census of Population, we need to reach everyone. But for most surveys, we ask only as many people or businesses as needed to ensure quality results.

The science behind the numbers

Behind every survey is a team of experts using methods built on decades of statistical theory and research. These methods make sure that

• data are collected efficiently and fairly
• results are accurate and unbiased
• everyone in Canada has a fair chance to be represented.

As new technology and analytical tools evolve, we continue to refine our processes to reduce effort for participants while maintaining the highest standards of quality. All our work is guided by a quality framework that focuses on relevance, accuracy, timeliness, coherence, accessibility and interpretability.

Your privacy is always protected

Every survey follows strict rules to protect your personal information. Your responses are confidential and used only for statistical purposes. Before any survey is launched, we carefully review what data are needed to make sure the benefit to Canadians justifies the time and privacy involved.

We use strong privacy safeguards and disclosure controls, alongside secure systems and proven methods, so no individual or business can be identified in the statistics we publish.

Why your participation matters

The information you provide shapes the statistics that support programs, policies and services across Canada, from schools and hospitals to jobs and housing. It isn’t always obvious, but many important decisions that impact the day-to-day lives and long-term well-being of Canadians are made based on information produced by Statistics Canada.

By taking part, you’re helping ensure that decisions made by governments, businesses and communities are based on accurate, complete and representative information. We collect data to help better understand our country—its population, resources, economy, environment, society and culture.

If you or your business is selected to participate in a Statistics Canada survey, please take part. Your contribution helps create trustworthy data that reflect the experiences of all Canadians.

Since its launch in 2021, the goal of the Disaggregated Data Action Plan (DDAP) has been to deliver the right data, at the right time, to the right people so policies, programs and services reflect the lived realities of all Canadians. By improving how data are collected, analyzed and shared, the DDAP empowers governments, businesses and communities to build a more inclusive and equitable society.

At its core, the DDAP was designed to enhance the quality and availability of statistics on four employment equity (EE) population groups: women, Indigenous people (First Nations, Métis, and Inuit), racialized populations (various subgroups) and persons with disabilities (various subgroups).

Recognizing that identity is multifaceted and that context matters, data are further broken down, where possible, by gender, ethnocultural background, age, sexual orientation and geography. Statistics Canada also endeavours to disaggregate data beyond identity indicators, such as by participation rate or size of business.

The 2024-25 DDAP Accomplishments Report highlights key insights from the analyses of disaggregated data and discusses how these insights are shaping policy and program decisions. While this report focuses on the 2024-25 fiscal year, the progress it highlights is built on foundational work from 2021 onward.

The report is organized into thematic categories: Economic inclusion through data; Social conditions; Health equity in focus; and Building capacity for equity. An additional section, titled "Whole-of-government impacts" details how other government departments and agencies have leveraged disaggregated data to inform policy and program design as well as decision-making.

Economic inclusion through data

Insights from the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and the Canadian Survey on Business Conditions (CSBC) have the potential to inform decision-making in the labour, employment and business areas, among others. Some selected insights can be found below.

According to data from the LFS supplement, in 2023, Filipino and Black workers were more likely to hold multiple jobs.

Specifically, 8.4% of Filipino workers held multiple jobs, compared with 5.3% of workers who were not racialized or Indigenous. Similarly, a larger percentage of Black workers (7.4%) than non-racialized, non-Indigenous workers held multiple jobs in 2023. Black workers were overrepresented in the healthcare and social assistance industry (20.7%) and Black employees were more likely to have earnings in the lowest weekly wage quartile (33.0%)than their non-racialized counterparts (23.3%).

Link to release: Multiple jobholders, 2023

Since 2022, data from the LFS supplements program have allowed Statistics Canada to report labour market indicators for persons with and without disabilities on an annual basis. These data complement the in-depth portrait provided by the Canadian Survey on Disability (CSD), which is conducted every five years and is the official source for the disability rate among the Canadian population.

According to these surveys, in 2024, half (50.4%) of persons with disabilities participated in the labour force, compared with 7 in 10 (70.2%) of those without disabilities. While men tend to have a higher labour force participation rate than women overall, the gap in the participation rate of men and women is much smaller or non-existent among persons with disabilities, notably because having a disability has a larger impact on the participation rate of men.

Link to release: Labour market characteristics of persons with and without disabilities, 2024

In June 2024, small businesses in Canada played a significant role in employing Canadians. However, CSBC data collected from April to May 2024 reveal that smaller businesses were less likely to hire in the short term. In fact, 5.0% of businesses with 1 to 19 employees expected the number of vacant positions to increase over the next three months, compared with 11.6% of businesses with 20 to 99 employees and 9.8% of businesses with 100 or more employees.

Link to release: Analysis on small businesses in Canada, second quarter of 2024

According to data collected by the CSBC on the representation of women and men in various workplace roles, from January to March 2025, 36.6% of senior management positions were held by women and 63.4% by men. In all other management roles, women represented 46.4% , while men represented 53.6%. For non-management positions, women made up 43.8% of the workforce, while men accounted for 56.2%. These figures reflect the gender distribution across distinct levels of employment, highlighting ongoing disparities in senior leadership roles.

Link to release: Business Conditions in Canada, first quarter 2025

Most employed people with disabilities face barriers at work.

The 2024 Survey Series on Accessibility, which focused on experiences with accessibility and employment, found that 69% of the employed population with disabilities or long-term conditions aged 15 to 64 experienced a barrier to accessibility in the workplace. The most prevalent barrier reported by these individuals was linked to difficulty with disclosing their disability (50%), followed closely by barriers in the physical environment, with 49% of this population group reporting encountering such barriers in the workplace.

Link to release: Employed persons with disabilities or long-term conditions

Additional accomplishments in the labour and employment area include the development of questions and data collection to provide insights on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the Canadian economy. This revealed that certain groups of workers, such as those living in urban areas, women, higher earners and highly educated individuals, are more likely to be employed in jobs that could be highly exposed to AI-related job transformation than other groups (see Exposure to artificial intelligence in Canadian jobs: Experimental estimates for more information).

Social conditions

Statistics Canada collects data on social indicators through a variety of surveys and tools. Some selected insights can be found below.

According to police-reported data, the rate of homicide victims is higher among Indigenous people than non-Indigenous people, and nearly one-third of homicide victims are identified by police as racialized.

Despite the overall decline in homicides, police reported 225 Indigenous homicide victims in 2024, 29 more than in 2023. In 2024, the homicide rate for Indigenous people (10.84 homicides per 100,000 Indigenous population) was approximately eight times higher than the rate among the non-Indigenous population (1.35 homicides per 100,000 non-Indigenous population).

Since 2014—the first year with complete Indigenous identity data for victims of homicide—Indigenous people have been overrepresented as homicide victims. For example, most of the increase in women victims of homicide was among Indigenous people, with 21 more Indigenous women victims reported in 2024 than in the previous year.

There were 226 victims of homicide identified by police as racialized (those identified as belonging to a visible minority group, as defined by the Employment Equity Act), accounting for 29% of homicide victims in 2024. This was similar to 2023.

Link to release: The Daily — Police-reported crime statistics in Canada, 2024

Data from the Survey Series on People and their Communities reveal that having social connections mitigates harms associated with discrimination. Indeed, in 2023-24, 45% of all racialized Canadians reported experiencing discrimination over the previous five years. While discrimination has been related to negative mental and physical health, lower levels of life satisfaction and reduced hopefulness about the future, these outcomes become less pronounced when victims of discriminatory acts have strong personal support networks. Among racialized Canadians who reported experiencing discrimination in the previous five years, one-third (33%) reported having a high level of life satisfaction (scoring 8 or higher on a 10-point scale). This proportion increased to 47% among victims with strong family connections and to 49% for those with strong friend connections.

Link to release: The Daily — Study: The role of social connections in mitigating the harms associated with discrimination, 2023/2024

Charitable giving reflects community support for different causes and plays an essential role in supporting social initiatives led by the non-profit sector. According to the 2023 Survey on Giving, Volunteering and Participating, the overall volunteering rate and the number of hours dedicated to volunteering decreased from 2018 to 2023. The overall volunteer rate—which includes formal and informal volunteering—decreased by 8% from 2018 to 2023. Close to three in four people (73%) volunteered in 2023, compared with just under four in five people (79%) in 2018.

Meanwhile, the total number of hours of formal and informal volunteering by Canadians fell from 5.0 billion hours in 2018 to 4.1 billion hours in 2023, a drop of 18%. On average, people who volunteered dedicated 173 hours to volunteering in 2023, or 33 fewer hours than in 2018. Women, young adults aged 25 to 34, and people with an education level below high school diploma had the largest declines in the rate of formal volunteering.

Link to release: The Daily — Volunteering and charitable giving in Canada, 2018 to 2023

The 2022 Time Use Survey revealed that parents who teleworked spent more time per day caring for, supervising or being with their children. Specifically, these data indicate that, in 2022, teleworking parents spent an average of 71 more minutes per day on these activities than non-teleworking parents. The gap between teleworkers and non-teleworkers was more noticeable among fathers, who spent 272 minutes and 201 minutes with their children per day, respectively. Overall, however, mothers still spent an average of 52 minutes more per day than fathers caring for children, regardless of telework status.

These findings suggest that telework is associated with increased parental involvement in childcare and time with children, especially for fathers. Mothers continued to spend more time on childcare, demonstrating that previously identified gender gaps persisted.

Link to release: Telework, time use, and well-being: Evidence from the 2022 Time Use Survey

In Canada, more than 70 distinct Indigenous languages are spoken by First Nations people, Métis and Inuit.

Indigenous Peoples have consistently emphasized the importance of language as the primary tool to share their culture, world views and values as well as pass them on to future generations. In 2021, approximately one in eight Indigenous people (237,420 people) in Canada reported that Indigenous language acquisition plays a key role in cultural continuity. In 2022, two-thirds (67%) of parents of Indigenous children aged 1 to 5 years reported that it was very or somewhat important for their young children to know an Indigenous language.

Link to release: Celebrating Indigenous languages in Canada

Data collected by the Canadian Community Health Survey from 2019 to 2021 indicate that about 800,000 Canadians aged 25 to 64 reported being 2SLGBTQ+. Among this population, just over 1 in 10 were parents living with at least one child under 12, with more women than men being parents.

These insights, which may inform childcare and related programs, are made possible by Statistics Canada's ongoing efforts to improve data on 2SLGBTQ+ populations. Canada has led globally in this area, becoming the first country in 2021 to collect census data on transgender and non-binary people. In 2026, sexual orientation data will also be collected in the census, providing further data to support evidence-based decision-making.

Links to releases:

• Family and household characteristics of 2SLGBTQ+ people in Canada
• Canada's Transgender and Non-Binary Population: Data Visualization Tool

In 2022, among Canadians aged 15 years and over, a greater proportion of women (30%) had a disability than men (24%).

Data from the Canadian Survey on Disability reveal that women were more likely than men to have a disability related to pain and mental health in 2022, with young women (15 to 24 years) being twice as likely as young men to have a mental health-related disability. The median income of women with disabilities was 11% lower than that of men with disabilities ($37,010 and $41,580, respectively.) These insights may be useful to inform the design of employment programs and advance strategies for inclusivity in the workplace.

Link to release: A demographic, employment and income profile of persons with disabilities aged 15 years and over in Canada, 2022

Health equity in focus

The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) is Canada's primary source of self-reported data on population health. It collects information on social indicators such as perceived general and mental health, daily stress levels, and life satisfaction. These indicators help assess health and well-being and provide insights into how people's perceptions of their health may reflect their socioeconomic conditions, quality of life and level of social inclusion.

The indicators are examined through a health lens because social determinants of health—such as income, education and experiences of discrimination—can reveal valuable information about populations that are more likely to face racism, social exclusion or economic hardship. The CCHS is especially useful for understanding the experiences of specific population groups, including racialized communities.

Data collected by the CCHS can provide additional health-related insights on Canada's diverse population. Some selected insights can be found below.

In 2023, just over half of the adult population who identified as belonging to a racialized community rated their health as generally very good or excellent (55.2%). That year, the Latin American (61.2%) and Filipino (58.7%) populations had the highest proportion of individuals who reported their health as being generally very good or excellent. The CCHS data also revealed greater differences in perceived health by age among racialized groups than among the non-Indigenous, non-racialized Canadian population in 2023.

For example, 67.3% of South Asians aged 18 to 34 described their health as being generally very good or excellent. This proportion drops to 49.8% among those aged 50 to 64 and to 21.2% among those aged 65 and over. By comparison, the proportion of the total adult population in Canada who reported very good or excellent health was 62.1% in the 18-to-34 group, 49.3% among those aged 50 to 64, and 40.5% among those aged 65 and over.

Link to release: Perceived health and well-being indicators among racialized groups, 2023

Data collected by Statistics Canada reveal a high impact of COVID-19 among Indigenous people. Specifically, the age-standardized COVID-19 mortality rate among First Nations females (74.3 deaths per 100,000 population) was over five times higher than the rate among non-Indigenous females (14.0 deaths per 100,000 population), while the COVID-19 death rate among Métis females (29.4 deaths per 100,000 population) was more than double the rate among non-Indigenous females.

Link to release: COVID-19 mortality among First Nations people and Métis in private dwellings in Canada: An analysis of social determinants of health and health inequalities

To help fill identified data gaps and update breast cancer screening guidelines, Statistics Canada provided health authorities with key data on breast cancer incidence, stage, subtype and mortality by race and ethnicity. The results highlighted that compared with White women, higher age-specific incidence rates were observed among Filipina and women of multiple ethnicities aged 40 to 49, as well as among Arab women aged 50 to 59. Age-specific mortality rates were also higher among Black women aged 40 to 49 and First Nations and Métis women aged 60 to 69 than among White women. Breast cancer was diagnosed less frequently at stage 1 among Filipina, Black, South Asian and First Nations women than among White and Chinese women.

Link to release: Breast cancer incidence and mortality, by age, stage and molecular subtypes, by race/ethnicity in Canada

Data from the Survey Series on First Nations People, Métis and Inuit, released in November 2024, shed light on health care access and experiences among Indigenous people aged 15 and older. Specifically, these data reveal that, among First Nations people living off reserve and Inuit who had experienced unfair treatment, racism or discrimination from a health care professional, the most common setting was the hospital emergency room (50% for First Nations people living off reserve and 34% for Inuit), with 36% of Métis also reporting similar experiences in this setting. Among Métis, the most common setting was the doctor's office (46%).

Link to release: The Daily — Health care access and experiences among Indigenous people, 2024

Statistics Canada collaborated with the National Indigenous Fire Safety Council (NIFSC) to produce an article on fire risks among Indigenous people using the Canadian Coroner and Medical Examiner Database linked to the 2006 and 2016 censuses of population and the 2011 National Household Survey. This work was done to better understand the factors that contribute to higher fire-related mortality among Indigenous people.

This report highlighted risk factors that placed Indigenous people at higher risk of experiencing a fire-related death, with the aim of preventing these types of deaths in the future. In recognition of this collaborative work, the National Indigenous Fire Prevention Leadership Award was presented to Statistics Canada by the NIFSC, along with an eagle feather. The eagle feather holds profound meaning in Indigenous culture, signifying an acknowledgement of the recipient's journey or accomplishments.

Link to release: The Daily — Circumstances surrounding fire-related deaths among Indigenous people in Canada, 2011 to 2020

Building capacity for equity

Statistics Canada played a leadership role in developing standards for gender of person and sex assigned at birth, which were endorsed by the Government of Canada in 2023-24. The agency has also developed supporting products, such as reference guides, to enable the implementation of these standards by all federal departments.

Statistics Canada developed three courses on disaggregated data analysis to be hosted on the Canada School of Public Service platform. These courses will help policymakers develop more targeted and effective public policies by identifying the unique needs and challenges faced by different demographic groups. The first one, "Working with Disaggregated Data for Better Policy Outcomes," was launched in November 2024. The second course, "Working with Disaggregated Data for Better Policy Outcomes: Black Entrepreneurship Case Study," was launched in fall 2025, while the third one, "Health Inequalities Case Study," is scheduled to launch in winter 2026.

Statistics Canada continued to deliver its internal workshop on disaggregated data analysis and developed a new course, the Analytical Sprint, to train analysts to write impactful disaggregated data stories. It also continued to integrate a disaggregated data lens into all its analytical courses, with the goal of reinforcing responsible disaggregation of data as a key principle to generate meaningful insights. Statistics Canada also delivered additional courses for external public servants, including a bootcamp for policy executives open to federal, provincial, territorial and municipal executives that focuses on building capacity for responsible disaggregated data analysis.

Whole-of-government impacts

Over the past few years, Statistics Canada has significantly enhanced the data landscape by increasing the availability of disaggregated data. This progress, driven by initiatives like the DDAP and a broader cultural shift within the agency, has had notable impacts across the Government of Canada.

One of the main examples of how disaggregated data are leveraged in the federal government's policies and programs lies with the application of Gender-based Analysis Plus (GBA Plus), including data from Statistics Canada's Gender, Diversity and Inclusion Statistics Hub, to better understand how intersecting identity, social and structural factors shape health outcomes. This approach supports evidence-informed decision-making and helps advance equity by ensuring that diverse lived experiences are considered in public policies and programs. The application of the Gender Results Framework (GRF) demonstrates the federal government's commitment to advancing gender equality through significant investments in key programs, policies and initiatives.

While some efforts—such as the GRF—are undertaken by all federal departments and agencies, many also leverage disaggregated data and the insights that can be drawn from disaggregated data analyses to inform their own program delivery and policy development. Some examples of this application can be found below.

Employment and Social Development Canada

Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC) integrates GBA Plus and granular analysis across the policy and service continuum. As part of this approach, ESDC regularly leverages disaggregated data to inform policy and program development and to deepen understanding of the needs and experiences of clients and the impacts of programs and services.

ESDC uses disaggregated data to inform both the Disability Inclusion Action Plan and the ongoing implementation of the Accessible Canada Act (ACA). ESDC has been working with Statistics Canada to collect disaggregated data on accessibility that support the identification and removal of barriers over time.

ESDC is leveraging key disaggregated data from the 2022 Canadian Survey on Disability to create baseline information on the existence of barriers to accessibility in all seven priority areas set out in the ACA, including knowledge on how barriers are experienced in relation to the type and severity of disability. The inclusion of the Barriers Module, which explores experiences with specific types of accessibility barriers, from the 2022 CSD onward will help ESDC measure progress in the removal of barriers to accessibility over time.

Furthermore, ESDC leveraged disaggregated Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) administrative data and data from key national surveys, such as the 2016 and 2021 census, the Labour Force Survey, the Canadian Income Survey and the Longitudinal Immigration Database to assess the impact of the CERB. These data enabled nuanced analyses of benefit uptake and labour market dynamics across diverse population groups (such as CERB duration by occupation and industry, labour supply patterns, teleworkability) and the experiences of vulnerable groups. As well, these data were used to identify service gaps among underrepresented populations and drive targeted policy changes to improve program accessibility and equity.

Additionally, disaggregated data from the 2021 Census of Population played a key role in supporting ESDC's Employment Equity Act Review Task Force. To accomplish this, ESDC leveraged Statistics Canada's "labour and language of work" release to incorporate equity-relevant indicators into the final report. These indicators included detailed breakdowns of educational attainment, income, immigrant status, Indigenous identity, gender and visible minority status.

On top of this, disaggregated data enabled ESDC to examine the impacts of COVID-19 and inflation on housing affordability across Canada. Leveraging data sources, including the Labour Force Survey (2019 to 2023), the 2021 Census, and the Canadian Housing Survey (2018, 2021 and 2022), among others, revealed that low-income Canadians were hit hardest, facing greater income losses, debt burden and housing costs. These findings identified key policy implications, including the need to boost wages through human capital development and expand the skilled trades workforce to meet housing construction needs.

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada

Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) regularly uses disaggregated data to inform its policy and program development, as well as better understand issues related to its programs. For example, in 2025, IRCC undertook a research project to examine the economic outcomes of refugees resettled to Canada from 2011 to 2021. To accomplish this, IRCC used a variety of sources, including 2021 Census data tables that were disaggregated specifically to the level of the various sub-streams of the Resettlement Assistance Program (government-assisted refugees and privately sponsored refugees) as well as by period of immigration. The variables examined included highest level of education, homeowner status, citizenship uptake.

Disaggregated data have been leveraged to assess the addition and removal of priority occupations for immigrant selection. The data have informed impacts on regions, wages, employment and gender for a comprehensive GBA Plus analysis of category-based selection. As well, IRCC juxtaposes Statistics Canada data with its own international visitor data to calibrate visa policy decisions that maximize economic benefits, including attracting top talent, while also minimizing risks of irregular migration, security threats and pressure on public programs.

Canadian Heritage

Canadian Heritage (PCH) has also leveraged DDAP data to support key initiatives, including Canada's Anti-Racism Strategy and Canada's Action Plan on Combatting Hate. The collaboration between Statistics Canada and PCH has further supported the Office of the Special Representative on Combatting Islamophobia, contributing to the release of an infographic on the Muslim population in Canada in December 2024 and continuing to inform Canada's reporting to the United Nations on international human rights instruments.

PCH particularly relies on disaggregated data produced by the census, the General Social Survey and the Survey Series on People and their Communities to measure the impacts of its programs and policies. In this aspect, themes such as sense of belonging, shared values, pride in Canadian arts and culture, life satisfaction, and experiences of racism and discrimination are key.

PCH leverages disaggregated data to support budget requests, planning, high-level governance and different policy and program decisions. Identity variables made available by Statistics Canada, including gender, ethnicity and age, provide PCH with the essential data it requires to examine inclusion, diversity, equity and accessibility.

Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada

Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (CIRNAC) uses disaggregated data to better understand issues facing Indigenous Peoples by distinction and by region. For example, CIRNAC uses Community Well-Being Index scores, which are developed from disaggregated census data, to report on the socioeconomic conditions and well-being of Indigenous communities across Canada.

Through the implementation of its data strategy, CIRNAC is taking steps towards integrating disaggregated data into its routine policy and program development processes beyond results reporting. These efforts are strongly supported by the increased availability of disaggregated data from Statistics Canada since 2021.

Indeed, increasingly granular data have made steady inroads to enabling CIRNAC to better understand the diverse socioeconomic and health disparities that First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities face compared with other Canadians.

Efforts to date have supported more targeted approaches in areas such as housing, Indigenous economic development, and social programming in northern and remote communities. These insights can help inform decision-making, support more equitable outcomes, and identify data gaps that must be addressed through stronger partnerships and data governance with Indigenous Peoples.

Public Health Agency of Canada

The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) leverages data to target promotion, program and policy efforts, such as the National Suicide Prevention Action Plan and the Healthy Canadians and Communities Fund. Data also inform peer-reviewed research articles, reporting on topics such as hepatitis B and C mortality, HIV mortality, population estimates of people who inject drugs in Canada, and population estimates of men who have sex with men, for instance. Disaggregated data also enhance PHAC's ability to conduct or complement public health surveillance activities speaking to, among other topics, concussion, falls and other injuries, mental health, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep and obesity.

Additionally, disaggregated data are used by PHAC to support intersectoral engagement. This includes efforts such as House of Commons studies on the health of LGBTQIA2^{Footnote 1} communities, memoranda to Cabinet on food literacy, the Mental Health of Black Canadians Initiative, as well as PHAC's engagement on Canada's Anti-Racism Strategy (CARS 2.0) and the Federal 2SLGBTQI+ Action Plan.

PHAC also leverages disaggregated data to populate and update tools such as the Health of People in Canada (HOPIC) dashboard and the Health Inequalities Data Tool. The HOPIC dashboard provides a snapshot of the health of our populations, while illustrating the wide range of health, socioeconomic and environmental factors that interact to keep Canadians healthy and well. The Health Inequalities Data Tool leverages multiple datasets and variables for analyses, in turn enabling PHAC to provide key stakeholders with detailed, population-specific data that quantify the scale of health inequalities across Canada, including breakdowns at the provincial and territorial levels. This supports decision-making and strategic planning within PHAC and with external partners by providing publicly available and downloadable information.

Taken together, these initiatives underscore a transformative shift in how disaggregated data are leveraged across the federal government. The growing emphasis on these data not only enhances the inclusivity of policies and programs, but also reinforces a commitment to evidence-based decision-making that better serves the diverse needs of Canadians.

As Canada continues to evolve, so too must the data that inform its decisions. In recent years, the DDAP has laid a solid foundation for inclusive, responsive and equitable policymaking. Moving forward, sustained collaboration and innovation will be essential to deepen our understanding of diverse lived experiences and to ensure that every Canadian is seen, heard and served.

Resources

• Illinois-based Coeur Mining, Inc. and New Gold Inc. of Toronto announced they had entered into a definitive agreement whereby a wholly owned subsidiary of Coeur would acquire all of the issued and outstanding shares of New Gold for a total equity value of approximately USD $7 billion. The companies said the transaction is expected the close in the first half of 2026, subject to shareholder and applicable regulatory approvals and satisfaction of certain other closing conditions.
• Calgary-based Baytex Energy Corp. announced it had entered into a definitive purchase and sale agreement to sell its U.S. Eagle Ford assets to an undisclosed buyer for approximately $3.25 billion in cash. Baytex said the transaction is expected to close in late 2025 or early 2026, subject to customary closing conditions and regulatory approvals.
• Calgary-based Enbridge Inc. announced it had reached a final investment decision on the Mainline Optimization Phase 1 project that will add capacity to the Company's Mainline network and Flanagan South Pipeline, increasing deliveries of Canadian heavy oil to refining markets in the U.S. Midwest and Gulf Coast. Enbridge said the expected aggregate capital cost would be USD $1.4 billion.
• Calgary-based Canacol Energy Ltd., a natural gas exploration and production company, announced that it and its subsidiaries were seeking an order for creditor protection from the Court of King's Bench of Alberta pursuant to the Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act (CCAA). Canacol said it faces a looming liquidity crisis from upcoming interest and principal payments under its funded debt obligations; reduced natural gas production; and increased trade and other accounts payables.
• Vancouver-based West Fraser Timber Co. Ltd. announced it will permanently close both its Augusta, Georgia and 100 Mile House, British Columbia lumber mills by the end of 2025 due to timber supply challenges and soft lumber markets. West Fraser said the closures would impact 295 employees and reduce its capacity by 300 million board feet.

Economic and fiscal updates

• The Government of Ontario released its 2025 Economic Outlook and Fiscal Review on November 6th, which included cutting red tape, investing in infrastructure, supporting workers, improving services, and making life more affordable. The Government forecasts a $13.5 billion deficit for 2025-26 and real gross domestic product (GDP) growth of 0.8% in 2025 and 0.9% in 2026.
• The Government of Saskatchewan released its mid-year report on November 25th. The Government forecasts a $12 million surplus in 2025-26 and real GDP of 1.7% in 2025.
• The Government of Quebec released its Fall 2025 Economic and Fiscal update on November 25th, which included additional initiatives totalling $8.3 billion to protect purchasing power and the economy. The Government forecasts a $9.9 billion deficit in 2025-26 and real GDP growth of 0.9% in 2025 and 1.1% in 2026.

Other news

• The Government of Canada released its Budget 2025 on November 4th, which included investments in housing, infrastructure, defence, and productivity and competitiveness. The Government forecasts a $78.3 billion deficit for 2025-26 and real GDP growth of 1.1% in 2025 and 1.2% in 2026.
• The Government of Canada announced the second tranche of nation-building projects to be referred to the Major Projects Office, including the North Coast Transmission Line in British Columbia, Ksi Lisims LNG on the north coast of British Columbia, Northcliff Resources' Sisson Mine in New Brunswick, Canada Nickel's Crawford Project in Ontario, the Iqaluit Nukkiksautiit Hydro Project in Nunavut, and Nouveau Monde Graphite's Matawinie Mine in Quebec. The Government said these projects represent $56 billion in new investment.
• The Government of Canada announced that, building on previously announced measures to help transform the Canadian steel and softwood lumber industries, it would further limit foreign steel imports, make it easier to build with Canadian steel and Canadian lumber, and increase protections for Canadian steel and lumber workers and businesses.
• The Government of Canada announced it had signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Government of Alberta that said upon receipt of a proposal from the Government of Alberta, the Government of Canada would provide an approval process under the Building Canada Act for the construction of a new pipeline that would transport at least one million barrels per day of oil to Asian markets. The Government said the MOU also advances multiple clean energy projects and measures, including advancing the construction of Pathways Plus, a carbon capture, utilisation, and storage project, as well as an industrial carbon pricing agreement for the province and an agreement to lower methane emissions by 75% over the next decade.
• The Government of Ontario announced it had approved Ontario Power Generation's (OPG) plan to refurbish four CANDU nuclear reactors at the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station. The Government said the refurbishment will extend the facility's operations for up to 38 years, with the project expected to begin in early 2027 and completion by the mid-2030s.
• The Committee on Internal Trade (CIT) announced that the Canadian Mutual Recognition Agreement (CMRA) on the sale of goods was signed by most federal, provincial, and territorial Ministers responsible for internal trade. The CIT said the CMRA ensures that businesses can sell their goods across Canada without having to meet duplicative regulatory requirements, unless the good is specifically exempted from the agreement.
• Norway-based Vianode, a producer of advanced battery materials, announced it officially started site preparation at its new synthetic graphite facility in St. Thomas, Ontario. Vianode said the project is structured as a phased, multi-billion-dollar investment, and that, subject to reaching a definitive agreement, the Government of Ontario will provide a loan of up to $670 million in support of its investment. The company also said the plant is expected to create approximately 300 jobs in the first phase, and up to 1,000 at full capacity.

United States and other international news

• The Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) left the cash rate target unchanged at 3.60%. The last change in the cash rate target was a 25 basis points cut in August 2025.
• The Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) voted to maintain the Bank Rate at 4.0%. The last change in the Bank Rate was a 25 basis points cut in August 2025.
• The Executive Board of Sweden's Riksbank left the repo rate unchanged at 1.75%. The last change in the repo rate was a 25 basis points reduction in September 2025.
• The Monetary Policy and Financial Stability Committee of Norway's Norges Bank left the policy rate unchanged at 4.00%. The last change in the policy rate was a 25 basis points decrease in September 2025.
• The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) lowered the Official Cash Rate (OCR), its main policy rate, by 25 basis points to 2.25%. The last change in the OCR was a 50 basis points cut in October 2025.
• The eight OPEC+ countries - Saudi Arabia, Russia, Iraq, UAE, Kuwait, Kazakhstan, Algeria, and Oman - announced they would implement a production adjustment of 137 thousand barrels per day from the 1.65 million barrels per day additional voluntary adjustments announced in April 2023. OPEC+ said this adjustment would be implemented in December 2025. OPEC also said that the eight countries had decided to pause the production increments in January, February, and March 2026.
• Texas-based Kimberly-Clark Corporation and Kenvue Inc., a consumer health company of New Jersey, announced an agreement under which Kimberly-Clark will acquire all of the outstanding shares of Kenvue common stock in a cash and stock transaction that values Kenvue at an enterprise value of approximately USD $48.7 billion. The companies said the transaction is expected to close in the second half of 2026, subject to shareholder and regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other customary closing conditions.
• New York-based IREN Limited announced it had signed a multi-year GPU cloud services contract with Microsoft whereby IREN will provide Microsoft with access to NVIDIA GB300 GPUs over a five-year term, with a total contract value of approximately USD $9.7 billion. IREN said the GPUs are expected to be deployed in phases through 2026 at its 750MW Childress, Texas campus.
• Seatle, Washington-based Amazon Web Services (AWS) and OpenAI of California announced a new USD $38 billion multi-year, strategic partnership that provides AWS's infrastructure to run and scale OpenAI's core artificial intelligence (AI) workloads starting immediately.
• Later, Amazon announced an investment of up to USD $50 billion to expand AI and supercomputing capabilities for Amazon Web Services' (AWS) U.S. government customers. Amazon said the investment is set to break ground in 2026.
• California-based Google announced a new €5.5 billion investment (2026-2029) in infrastructure and offices in Germany — including a new data center in Dietzenbach, continued investments in the existing Hanau data center campus, and expanded office locations in Berlin, Frankfurt and Munich.
• New York-based Brookfield Asset Management announced the launch of a USD $100 billion global AI Infrastructure program in partnership with NVIDIA and the Kuwait Investment Authority. Brookfield said it will deploy investment across every stage of the value chain—from energy and land to data centers and compute.
• Washington State-based Microsoft announced that from the start of 2026 to the end of 2029, it will spend more than USD $7.9 billion in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), including more than $5.5 billion in capital expenses for ongoing and planned expansion of its AI and cloud infrastructure. Microsoft said that beginning in 2023 and through the end of this calendar year, it will have invested and spent just over $7.3 billion in the UAE.
• California-based HP Inc. announced it expects to reduce gross global headcount by approximately 4,000-6,000 employees. HP said these actions are expected to be completed by the end of fiscal 2028.
• Illinois-based Abbott and Exact Sciences of Wisconsin announced a definitive agreement for Abbott to acquire Exact Sciences for an estimated enterprise value of USD $23 billion. The companies said the closing is expected in the second quarter of 2026, subject to shareholder and regulatory approvals and other customary closing conditions.

Financial market news

• West Texas Intermediate crude oil closed at USD $58.55 per barrel on November 28th, down from a closing value of USD $60.98 at the end of October. Western Canadian Select crude oil traded in the USD $45.00 to $49.00 per barrel range throughout November. The Canadian dollar closed at 71.54 cents U.S. on November 28th, up from 71.34 cents U.S. at the end of October. The S&P/TSX composite index closed at 31,382.78 on November 28th, up from 30,260.74 at the end of October.